1. Past Perfect

2. Past Perfect
I got on the train to school this morning, but I had forgotten to add credit to my OV-card. As soon as I entered the train, a conductor stopped me and gave me a fine. Then, when I arrived at school, I realized I hadn’t been wearing any pants. I forgot them, because I hadn’t slept at all. I noticed a wizard had been following me all morning, when he tapped me on the shoulder. Suddenly, the school bell rang and I woke up.

3. Past Perfect Simple
Refer to a time earlier than now, one event happened before another in the past.
Doesn’t matter which event is mentioned first, the used tense makes this clear.
Past
Present
Future

4. Past Perfect Simple A sentence using the PPS consists of two events
Event A & Event B
Event A happened first
Event A
Event B
John had gone out
When I arrived in the office.
I had forgotten to add credit
When I got on the train.
When they arrived
We had already started cooking.
He was very tired
Because he hadn’t slept well.

5. Past Perfect Simple How do we form it? Composed of two parts
The past tense of the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb
She had given He hadn’t asked Had they arrived?

6. Past Perfect Simple ‘Just’ is used in combination with the PPS
Refers to an event that was only a short time earlier than now.
The train had just left when I arrived at the station
She had just left the room when the police arrived

7. Past Perfect Continuous
We use the past perfect continuous to talk about an action or situation that was happening in the past before another action or time.
Past
Present
Future

8. Past Perfect Continuous
A sentence using the PPC consists of two events
Event A & Event B
Event A gets interrupted by Event B
Event A
Event B
A wizard had been following me all morning
When he tapped me on the shoulder
I had been shopping
When my mother called me
When my father arrived
I had been sleeping.

9. Past Perfect Continuous
How do we form it?
It is made up of three components
A form of to have in the past + been + full verb(+ ing)