1. Mystery Footprints Observation & Inference
Image Source:
Modified by Liz LaRosa , from original posted at:
Modified by Liz LaRosa , from original posted at:

2. What does the word “observation” mean in science?

3. Observations Any information collected with the senses.
The skill of describing scientific events
Quantitative – measurable or countable
3 meters long
4 marbles
50 kilograms
35 degrees Celsius
Qualitative – described, not measured
red flowers
smells like fresh baked cookies
tastes bitter

4. What does the word “inference” mean in science?

5. Inference Conclusions or deductions based on observations
The process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence
Practice:
You will close your eyes and quietly listen to 3 observations
After the observations have been shared, write down your inference into your notes
Do not share your inference until asked to do so

6. Inference
Practice: Close your eyes and listen to the following observations:
Open your eyes
Inference: Write down your inference, but do not share it with anyone yet
I hear people screaming
I smell cotton candy, popcorn, and hamburgers
I see a lot of people

7. What was your inference & why?
Amusement Park
Share and Discuss
Day at the Beach
Sporting Event
Something else?

8. Mystery Footprints You will be asked to view a series of 3 images.
Record 3 observations and 1 inference for each image.
Do not share your observations or inferences until asked to do so.

9. Image 1
Record 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE
Share and Discuss

10. Image 2
Record 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE
Share and Discuss

11. Image 3
Share and Discuss
Record 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE

12. Discussion Questions
What event happened to cause these tracks? What is your hypothesis?
How do your observations support your hypothesis?
As a class, were there similarities/differences in our observations? In our inferences?
Why was it important not to share our observations and inferences right away? Can your answers influence others?
Can we know, with 100% certainty, how these footprints were formed? Why/Why not?

13. This book can be downloaded for free at:
Source of footprints graphic: as of 8/4/15
Chapter 6: Activities for Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science."Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.
This book can be downloaded for free at: