1. ARTERIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
DR.PARDEEP KUMAR

2. Femoral Artery Enclosed within the femoral sheath.
Femoral artery is the continuation of the external iliac artery:
Begins deep to the inguinal ligament.
Enclosed within the femoral sheath.
Becomes the popliteal artery:
At the adductor hiatus.

3. Femoral Artery Superficial circumflex iliac artery.
Proximal branches:
Superficial epigastric artery.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery.
Superficial external pudendal artery.

5. Femoral Artery Crosses inguinal ligament toward the umbilicus.
Superficial epigastric artery:
Passes through or close to the saphenous hiatus.
Crosses inguinal ligament toward the umbilicus.
Anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery.

6. Femoral Artery Passes along inguinal ligament toward the ASIS.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery:
Passes through or close to the saphenous hiatus.
Passes along inguinal ligament toward the ASIS.
Anastomoses with deep circumflex iliac artery.

7. Femoral Artery Passes medially toward external genitalia.
Superficial external pudendal artery:
Passes through or close to the saphenous hiatus.
Passes medially toward external genitalia.

8. Femoral Artery Descending genicular. Profunda femoris (deep femoral):
Deep branches:
Deep external pudendal.
Descending genicular.
Profunda femoris (deep femoral):
Medial femoral circumflex.
Lateral femoral circumflex.
Perforating arteries (3).

9. Femoral Artery Becomes superficial to supply external genitalia.
Deep external pudendal:
Passes medially across pectineus and adductor longus.
Becomes superficial to supply external genitalia.

10. Femoral Artery Musculoarticular branch: Part of genicular anastomosis.
Descending genicular:
Arises in adductor canal.
Musculoarticular branch:
Part of genicular anastomosis.
Saphenous branch:
Runs with saphenous nerve.

11. Femoral Artery
Profunda femoris (deep femoral):
Arises from deep side of femoral artery within femoral triangle.
Largest branch of femoral artery.
Passes posterior to adductor longus muscle.

12. Femoral Artery
Profunda femoris (deep femoral):
Usually gives off medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
Gives rise to three perforating arteries.
Terminates as the fourth perforating artery.

13. Femoral Artery May come directly off femoral artery.
Medial femoral circumflex:
May come directly off femoral artery.
Leaves femoral triangle between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles.

14. Femoral Artery Medial femoral circumflex branches:
Ascending branch anastomoses with inferior gluteal artery.
Transverse branch anastomoses with lateral femoral circumflex artery.
Supplies hip joint, muscles of upper thigh, gluteal region.

15. Femoral Artery
Lateral femoral circumflex:
May come directly off femoral artery.
Passes laterally deep to rectus femoris and sartorius muscles.

16. Femoral Artery
Lateral femoral circumflex branches:
Ascending branch anastomoses with superior gluteal artery.
Transverse branch anastomoses with medial femoral circumflex artery.
Descending branch anastomoses with genicular arteries.
Supplies hip joint, muscles of upper thigh, gluteal region.

17. Obturator Artery Acetabular artery:
Arises from internal iliac in pelvis:
Enters thigh through obturator canal.
Accompanied by anterior/posterior obturator nerve branches.
Gives rise to:
Anterior and posterior branches.
Acetabular artery:
To head of femur via ligamentum teres.

18. Popliteal Artery Branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Continuation of femoral artery.
Begins at adductor hiatus.
Ends at inferior border of popliteus muscle:
Branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Most anterior structure in popliteal fossa.

19. Popliteal Artery Medial and lateral superior genicular arteries.
Branches:
Medial and lateral superior genicular arteries.
Medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries.
Middle genicular artery and sural arteries.

20. Anterior Tibial Artery
Terminal branch of popliteal artery:
Arises at inferior border of popliteus muscle.
Passes anterior to interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula.
Accompanied by deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.
Renamed dorsalis pedis artery at ankle joint.

21. Anterior Tibial Artery
Supplies anterior compartment of leg.
Branches:
Anterior tibial recurrent.
Lateral malleolar artery.
Medial malleolar artery.

22. Dorsalis Pedis Artery Medial tarsal artery. Lateral tarsal artery.
Arcuate artery.
Deep plantar artery.
First dorsal interosseous artery.

23. Posterior Tibial Artery
Terminal branch of popliteal artery.
Begins at inferior border of popliteus muscle.
Accompanied by tibial nerve.
Descends on posterior surface of tibialis posterior muscle.

24. Posterior Tibial Artery
Terminates deep to flexor retinaculum as:
Medial plantar artery.
Lateral plantar artery.