1. CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Made up of blood, the heart, blood vessels
Function is to transport materials throughout the body such as nutrients and oxygen
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals; it can be thought of as two pumps sitting side by side

3. Each pump is divided into two chambers
The two pumps are separated by a SEPTUM
The upper chambers are called ATRIA (receive blood)
The lower chambers are VENTRICLES (pump blood out)

4. Circulation From the Body
Pulmonary Circulation
The right side of the heart pumps blood from the body into the lungs where oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood gives up carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen

5. Circulation To the Body
Systemic Circulation
The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

6. The Heart Video

7. Structure of Heart Ao = Aorta PA = Pulmonary Artery
SEPTUM
Ao = Aorta
PA = Pulmonary Artery
PV = Pulmonary Vein
SVC = Superior Vena Cava
IVC = Inferior Vena Cava
RA = Right Atrium
RV = Right Ventricle
LA = Left Atrium
LV = Left Ventricle

10. Blood Flow Through the Body Video

11. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BLOOD VESSELS:
                                             
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSELS:
1. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart to all tissues of the body; the largest artery is the AORTA
2. Veins - collect blood and return it back to the heart
3. Capillaries – connect the arteries & veins;
only one cell thick making diffusion of oxygen
and nutrients easy

12. Arteries, Veins, & Capillaries Video

13. Transport System Video

14. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
1. Transports nutrients, dissolved gases, enzymes, hormones and waste products
2. Regulates body temperature, pH and electrolytes
3. Protects body from invaders
4. Restricts loss of fluid

15. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
1. Plasma: liquid portion of blood that contains water, dissolved fats, salts, sugars and proteins
2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport oxygen

16. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
3. White blood cells (leukocytes): protect body against invasion by foreign cells or substances
4. Platelets: responsible for the clotting of blood

17. Interesting Facts About BLOOD
Blood is made in the marrow of bones
The average human has 4.5 – 6 liters of blood
The heart circulates blood about
1000 /times/day
Pulse varies: The average resting heart rate for an adult is between 60 and 100 beats per minute, while well-conditioned athletes can achieve between 40 and 60 beats per minute.

18. Blood Pressure: When the heart contracts and relaxes; it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries
High blood pressure causes the heart to work too hard
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits build up on the inner walls of the arteries
These conditions can lead to heart problems

19. Red blood cells contain Hemoglobin
An iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues where oxygen is released Fe

20. Chloroplasts Contain Chlorophyll
A magnesium-containing protein that captures the energy from the sun and powers photosynthesis Mg

21. Components of the blood Video

22. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Function is to bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air and the tissues

23. FLOW OF AIR
Air enters NOSE --> pharynx OR enters MOUTH --> pharynx; after pharynx ---> larynx (top of trachea) --> trachea (windpipe) --> to left or right bronchi ---> bronchioles --> alveoli

25. 1. nose
2. mouth
3. larynx
4. lung
5. right bronchus
6. diaphragm
7. pharynx
8. trachea
9. left bronchus
10. bronchiole
11. alveoli

26. BREATHING Inhalation: pulling of air into lungs
Exhalation: pushing of air out of lungs
Diaphragm: Located along the bottom of the rib cage; it is the large flat muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation

27. Breathing Video

28. The alveoli is where gas exchange occurs
When blood enters the lung it has a lot of carbon dioxide and a low oxygen content, but the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen-rich inhaled air
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli and oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveoli

29. Picture of Gas Exchange in the Lungs

30. Gas Exchange Video

31. Lymphatic System Network of vessels, nodes and organs
Collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system
The fluid is known as lymph
Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which carries lymph fluid, nutrients, and waste material between the body tissues and the bloodstream.

32. Over 3 liters of fluid can be leaked from the circulatory system into surrounding tissues daily
The steady flow of lymph prevents edema (swelling)

33. Lymph Nodes
The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, which are then destroyed by special white blood cells called lymphocytes. Groups of lymph nodes can be felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Many lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt.

34. When a part of the body is infected, the nearby lymph nodes become swollen as they collect and destroy the infecting organisms. For example, if a person has a throat infection, the lymph nodes in the neck may swell and become tender.

35. Lymphatic System Video

36. Lymph Nodes in the Lymphatic System
Cervical Nodes
Axillary Nodes
Inguinal Nodes