1. The Cell Theory and Cell Structures

2. The Cell Theory
The Cell Theory is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
It refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing.
The observations of five scientists led to the development of the cell theory
Introductory Video
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3. Scientists of The Cell Theory
Robert Hooke
(1665)
Studied cork cells and noticed that they looked like jail cells, thus giving them the name Cells.

4. Scientists of The Cell Theory
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1680)
First to witness living cells, bacteria and protozoa, under a single-lens microscope.
Named the moving organisms he saw animalcules, “little animals”.

5. Scientists of The Cell Theory
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
A German botanist who discovered that plant parts are made of cells.
Brought the nucleus to popular attention and its importance in the function of a cell.
Theodor Schwann (1839)
A German zoologist who discovered that animal parts are made of cells.
Rudolph Virchow (1855)
A German physician who stated that all living cells come only from other living cells.

6. Cell Theory Timeline
1665
1680s
1838
1839
1855

7. The Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
The cell theory holds true for all living things, no matter how big or small, how simple or complex.

8. Cell Structures
In many ways cells are like factories that produce goods.
Take in raw materials, use them to build products (proteins and energy), package the products and transport them to different parts of the cell.
There are two types of cells that make up all living things:
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells

9. Prokaryotic Cells NO nucleus No membrane bound organelles.
Single celled organisms
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Kingdoms

10. Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!!!
Organelles are enclosed in their own membrane.
Large and complex.
Multicellular organisms
Plants
Animals
Protists
Fungi
Kingdoms

11. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells
No nucleus
No membrane
bound
organelles
Single Celled
Organisms
True nucleus
Membrane
bound organelles
Multicellular
Contains
DNA
Similar
Metabolism

12. Prokaryote or Eukaryote
Nucleus
Nucleus
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote

13. Cell Structures Nucleus Cell Membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria
Organelle
Function
Nucleus
Directs all of the cell’s activities, Control Center.
Cell Membrane
Selectively permeable membrane that allows substances to enter and leave the cell.
Chromosomes
Contain DNA and pass on genetic information to new cells (X).
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the Cell – converts resources into energy.
Chloroplasts
Captures energy from sunlight to make food (Plants ONLY)
Vacuole
Stores food, water and waste.
Cytoplasm
Allows movement of materials around the cells and supports other cell structures.
Cell Wall
Surrounds the cell membrane and keeps plant cells rigid and upright.
Organelles – tiny cell structures that carry out
specific functions within the cell (“little organs”.

14. Plant Cell – (Square/boxed)
Nuclear Membrane
Mitochondria
- “Power house”
Nucleus
- Control Center
Cell
Membrane
- Selectively Permeable
Chromosomes
- Colored Bodies
Cell Wall
- Plants ONLY!
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
- Plants ONLY!
Vacuole
- Storage

15. Animal Cells – (Round) Nucleus Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Membrane
- Control Center
Chromosomes
- Colored Bodies
Mitochondria
- “Power house”
Vacuole
- Storage
Nuclear
Membrane
Cell Membrane
- Selectively Permeable
Cytoplasm

16. Plant vs. Animal Cells Organelle Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell Shape
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chromosome
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Square
Round
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes