1. Who cares? Classification Why classify?
To study the diversity of life in a logical manner.
1.5 million species have been identified
2-100 million have yet to be discovered
Taxonomy: discipline of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a universally accepted name
Who cares?

2. 19,232 new species were identified in 2011, that’s about 2 new species discovered every hour

3. Yeti crab
2006

4. Skelton shrimp
2014

5. Andrill Anemone
2014

6. Lyre sponge
2013

7. World’s smallest vertebrate Paedophryne amanuensis 2013

8. Bonaire Banded Box Jelly
2012

9. Pancake bat fish
2010

10. Bombardier Worm
2010

11. Psychedelic Frogfish
2010

12. Dracula Fish
2010

13. Why Classify Organisms?
To study the diversity of life in a logical manner
Many organisms have different common names
Giant sea star
Knobby sea star
Giant spiny sea star

14. White tip
White tip reef shark
Oceanic white tip

15. Let’s talk about dolphins
Marine mammal
Top predator
Rubber like skin
Sharp teeth
Black and white

16. When I said described it….
You may have been thinking of this organisms….

17. Orca-which is actually a dolphin not a whale….

18. I was actually talking about this

19. Dolphin—common dolphin

20. Dolphin—bottlenose dolphin

21. Most scientific names are in Greek or Latin
Scientists classify so everyone knows exactly what we are talking about…Many organisms have different common names
Most scientific names are in Greek or Latin
Carolus Linnaeus developed a system called:
Binomial Nomenclature:
Two part scientific name
Always in italics
1st Word Is Always Capitalized (genus)
2nd word is always lower case (species)
Mola mola

22. Binomial Nomenclature (2 part naming system)
Capital
Italics
Noun
Homo (man)
Homo sapien, H. sapien
Callinectes (swimmer)
Callinectes sapidus
C. sapidus
Lower case
Italics
Adjective
Sapiens (wise, knowing, thinker)
Sapien---can never be written like this
sapidus (beautiful)
Genus
species

23. How to write the scientific name in a paper, presentation, etc.
Same rules
Italics
first name (genus) is upper case
second name (species) is lower case
When referring to an organisms for the first time use the entire scientific name
Mola mola
Second time you refer to it, you may abbreviate the GENUIS only
M. mola

24. Classification Used today Evolutionary development DNA relationships
This is why classification is constantly changing,
Based on physical aspects
Anything that can swim is grouped together
Humans
Dolphins
Fish
squid
Artificial system
Natural system

25. Man o’War
Killer whale
human
largest
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Cnideria
Chordata
Class
Hydrozoa
Mammalia
Order
Siponophora
Cetacea
Primates
Family
Physaliidae
Delohinidae
Hominidae
Genus
Physalia
Orcinus
Homo
smallest
species
physalis
orca
sapien

26. 3 domains: Eukarya, Bacteria , Archae 6 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria—extremophiles-bacteria at hydrothermal vents
Eubacteria-Bacteria
Protista-algae and seaweeds
Fungi-fungus
Plantae-sea grasses
Animalia-whales, dolphins, squid

27. DNA not in a nucleus
DNA contained in a nucleus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote

28. Kingdom Characteristics
Cell type
Body plan
Feeding
Examples
Eubacteia
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
unicellular
Halophites
methanogens
Protista
Eukaryote
Most are unicellular
Diatoms, ciliates
Fungi
Most are
multicellular
heterotroph
Mold, mushroom
Plantae
plants
Animalia
All animals

29. 3 domains Domains Domain eukarya Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Archae
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Earliest cells
Domain eukarya
Kingdoms
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

30. Posterior side
Dorsal fin
Anterior side
Dorsal side
Dorsal side
Adipose fin
Lateral line
Pectoral fin
Caudal fin
Anal fin
Pelvic fin
Ventral side
Ventral side