1. South Africa
“One of the most tormented yet most inspiring stories to be found anywhere.” –Lonely Planet

17. History Evidence of humanity dates back 90,000 years.
Bantu Migration brought cultures who settled in villages.
Advanced African cultures who raised livestock, grew crops, and had organized political systems.

18. Colonialism
1647, European Dutch farmers (Boers) settled in the region.
Competed with local African tribes for land.
1800s British moved in for resources; defeat the Zulu tribe for South Africa.
1890s, British fought the Dutch in Boer war.
British victory established the Union of South Africa in 1902.

19. 1948, the white minority government started the policy of Apartheid.
Oppressive legislation passed against African blacks who made up 75% of the population.
1913, Natives Land Act set aside 8% of land for blacks and 92% for whites.
1923, blacks founded the African National Congress (ANC) to fight for rights.
1948, the white minority government started the policy of Apartheid.
Separation of races

20. Apartheid  Segregation
Apartheid already part of culture.
“White regime” policies of Apartheid:
No social contact between races
Mixed marriage prohibited
Non-whites forced into townships
Had to carry race cards
Could not leave towns
Couples and children had to live apart

22. 1960s  decades of darkness
ANC members began resistance led by Nelson Mandela.
Civil disobedience campaign.
1963, Mandela arrested for starting a revolution; imprisoned for 27 years.
1970s turned to brutal police and military sanctions.
International sanctions cut off trade to encourage an end to Apartheid.

23. White regime refused to give into international opinion; considered the white race superior.
1989, white president F.W. de Klerk ends Apartheid policy due to bad economy from sanctions.
1990, Mandela released from prison; difficult and violent transition to end Apartheid.
1994, free elections held, Mandela becomes first black president in South Africa.
Rainbow country born.

24. South Africa today Optimism mixed with legacy of oppression.
Not a unified country still due to cultural separation.
Main focus is on crime, economic inequality, education system, and HIV/AIDS (5.7 million)
AIDS ½ the country’s deaths.
Income distribution remains the most unequal in the world.

25. Middle and wealthy white class live in secured neighborhoods.
Black Africans live in townships.
Some of the worst living conditions in the world.
Two economies exist: White and Black.
Unskilled jobs reserved for uneducated blacks.