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You’re Alive, You take up Space…YOU Matter!
Chemistry of Life You’re Alive, You take up Space…YOU Matter!
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What is matter and what are atoms?
Anything that takes up space and has mass. atoms – the building blocks of matter Atoms consist of 3 subatomic particles: a. Protons (+) b. Electrons (-) c. Neutrons (0)
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What is an element & what is an isotope?
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances Ex: gold, zinc, carbon, oxygen, etc. (118) *ISOTOPES* – same element with different numbers of neutrons Ex. Carbon-12 (6 p + 6n) Carbon-14 (6p + 8n) Element Song
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A little elemental humor…
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What it is a compound vs. molecule?
Compounds: when two or more different elements combine Ex. NaCl, CH4 Molecules: compound held together by covalent bonds Ex. H2O, CO2
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So, why do atoms bond anyway?
Atoms bond when their outermost energy level is not full (valence electrons) First shell – holds 2 max Second shell - holds 8 max 2 Types …..
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1. What is an ionic bond? TRANSFERRING electrons
Ions form when atoms either gain (-) or lose electrons (+) Opposites attract NaCl (Salt!) Na has only one e- in outermost shell, so it gives it away /transfers it & becomes a Na+ (ion)…Cl has 7 e- in outermost shell, so it accepts the e- and becomes a Cl – (ion) and opposites attract.
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2. What is a covalent bond? Form molecules SHARING electrons
Ex. CH4, H2O, CO2, O2, Form molecules O has 6 e- in outermost shell (yellow) and each H only has 1 e- (green) – therefore, O shares one e- with each H and they each share one with O.
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3. What is a hydrogen bond? In water, even though e- are shared, Oxygen is a “bully” and pulls the e- more towards it giving the O atom a (–) charge and the H atoms a (+) charge…POLAR
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Chemical Reactions Process by which atoms or groups of atoms are rearranged into different substances Reactants Products Example: C6H12O6 + 6O2 CO2 + H2O All reactions require ENERGY to start = Activation Energy
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