1. Acids
Formulas and Names

2. H-X Identification Acids are compounds that have the general formula:
where the “X” part is something that has a negative oxidation state.

3. Non-metals A question for you…..
What types of particles could have negative oxidation states ?
Non-metals
Polyatomic ions

4. Classification of Acids
We separate the acids into two categories:
Binary acids – when the “X” part is a non-metal. (because the entire compound will only have two elements)
Oxy-Acids – when the “X” part is a polyatomic ion. (because the polyatomic will contain oxygen)

5. Formulas of Acids This is the easier part…
Acids are regarded as Ionic Compounds
Therefore, we can get to the formula by “SOCCR”
Symbols
Oxidation States
Criss-cross
Reduce

6. Naming Acids This is the harder part….
We have two separate methods for naming acids.
One method is the same process that we have used for all of the other ionic compounds:
Name of the 1st element (it will be “hydrogen” for binary acids)
Root + ide for the binary acids OR
Name of the polyatomic for the oxy-acids

7. Naming Acids
The other method involves writing something called the “acid name”.
There are two possible formats for this naming system – remember, we have two types of acids.
Each type has its own acid naming protocol.

8. Binary Acid Names There will still be TWO WORDS.
The first word will start with the prefix “hydro”
Then you will usually write the root of the non-metal’s name
The first word ends with the suffix “ic”
The second word is simply “acid”

9. An example… The compound HCl is a binary acid. It begins with hydrogen
The “X” part is a nonmetal
Therefore, it will have the typical name “hydrogen chloride”
But it will also have the acid name “hydrochloric acid”

10. Oxy-Acid Names These will also have TWO WORD names
The first word will not usually have a prefix
Instead, the first word will either be the root of the polyatomic name OR the name of the first element in the polyatomic (whichever “sounds better”)
The first word will end with “ic”
The second word will once again be “acid”

11. Oxy-acid Example #1 H(NO3) is an oxy-acid. It starts with hydrogen
The “X” part is a polyatomic
It will have the regular name “hydrogen nitrate”
It will have the acid name “nitric acid”

12. Oxy-acid Example #2 H2(SO4) is also an oxy-acid.
Its compound name will be “hydrogen sulfate”
But its acid name will be “sulfuric acid” (instead of “sulfic acid” because “sulfuric” sounds better than “sulfic”)

13. Final notes…
It is possible to have acids that involve the “other polyatomics” that you just learned.
The formula will be written like any other ionic, even though you have these new polyatomics.
The acid name will have some slight modifications – we will talk about those tomorrow.