1. Bovine TB Cattle Surveillance 2016-2017
James Hollis, D.V.M.
District 9 Veterinarian
Tuberculosis & Brucellosis Epidemiologist
Indiana State Board of Animal Health

2. BOAH Primary Mission Areas
Animal Health
Disease prevention & control
Disaster Preparedness
Readiness in “all hazards approach”
Food Safety
Meat, poultry and dairy inspection
Animal Welfare “New for 2011”
Establish standards for animal care

3. Bovine Tuberculosis Bacteria, Mycobacterium bovis Mammals Transmission
Slow, insidious disease
Mammals
cattle, deer, humans, other
Transmission
nose-to-nose or aerosol
ingestion
contaminated feed, carcasses
Generally detected at slaughter

4. TB: Clinical Signs Not always obvious Lesions develop slowly in lungs
Tan or yellow lumps (pearl lesions)
lung, inside surface of rib cage
lymph nodes throughout body

5. TB: Appearance Lesions Cattle Historically: Cheesy, gritty lesions
Solitary or multiple lesions
Small or large
May involve one organ, one system or may be multi-systemic
Cattle Historically: Cheesy, gritty lesions
Cervids: Typical abscesses

6. Distribution of Lesions
Lesions may be seen:
Respiratory tract
Associated lymph nodes
Digestive tract

7. Cervid Lesions

8. Cattle Lesions

9. Testing Methods Caudal Fold Test (CFT) Comparative Cervical Test (CCT)
Standard skin injection, 72-hr read
Comparative Cervical Test (CCT)
Confirmatory to CFT, 72-hr read
Bovigam
Confirmatory blood test
Culture
In-lab grow-out; up to 8+ weeks

10. Food Safety Freezer Beef Hunter-harvested Deer
Inspected Source
Hunter-harvested Deer
Caution while field-dressing; Call us!
Proper cooking, handling
Raw Milk and Dairy Products
Unpasteurized dairy foods unsafe
NOTE: Not found in dairy animals to date

11. Southeastern Indiana TB Investigation

12. Recent TB Traces to SE IN
2008: Single beef cow trace
No other positives
2009: Cervid herd, infected
Herd depopulated
2010: Two beef traces from PA
Genetically linked to 2011 herd
2011: Beef herd, infected
Investigation complete
Historically, bovine tuberculosis has been found in Southeastern Indiana four times since 2008.
Each of these incidents were traced—in and out—and no connections or spread were found.
Fast-forward to 2016, genetic testing that is now available revealed that all of these cases are genetically linked.
The most interesting of these was a confirmation that the 2010 case (traces from a PA slaughter plant) originated from the herd identified in We were unable to confirm a connection at the time.
All of these are related to the case identified in 2016.

13. 2016: Index Herd (#1) Positives at slaughter
One herd on two sites
Whole-herd testing identified more
Herd depopulation complete
Launched 3-mi circle testing
In April, the Indiana State Board of Animal Health was notified of a TB trace for six animals that tested positive for bovine tuberculosis.
They originated from a beef herd in Franklin County, IN. (This was a single herd that was kept on two different sites.)
The whole-herd test revealed more infection. Herd was depopulated.
This finding launched an effort to test other herds in the area, within a 3-mile circle.

14. Proximity: Bovine TB Events w/ 10-mi Buffers 2008-2016
This map shows the proximity of all cases of bovine TB in the region.
Farm A was the 2008 case. B was the 2009 cervid farm. Farm C was the 2010 and 2011 investigations.
Farm D is the latest, 2016, herd identified.
All were in fairly close proximity, especially when you see an overlay with 10-mile circles.

15. Hunter-harvested White-tailed Deer Tested 2009-2015 Q=486
After the 2008 discovery, BOAH has worked with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources to test hunter-harvested white-tailed deer in the area.
When we look at the two locations of the 2016 infected herd with a 10-mile circle, you can see that between 2009 and 2015, nearly 500 white-tailed deer were tested in the area.

16. 2016: Wild Deer Diagnosis Positive 2-year-old white-tailed doe
Culled from index farm
First wild case in Indiana
Test area from 3 miles to 10 miles
Positive raccoon collected

17. Whitewater River Corridor
Expanded
Testing Area:
10-mi circle +
Whitewater River Corridor
2-mi buffer
Tested: 380
test-eligible herds =
~6,500 head

18. Producer Outreach Public Meetings Traditional Media
Door-to-Door Visits
Telephone Calls
Animal Health Advisories
& USPS Mail

19. Surveillance Logistics
Staging Area at Franklin Co Fairgrounds
Private Practitioner Testing
Department of Correction Offenders
Federal Testing Teams

20. Pictures of Surveillance/Equipment

22. 2016: Positive Herd (#2) December: Surveillance testing
Beef cattle herd tested positive
Within 10-mi testing zone
All nearby herds (within 3 mi) already tested negative
Trace investigations underway

23. Core Surveillance Area

24. Zones for
Hunter-harvested
White-tailed Deer

25. Hunter-harvested
White-tailed Deer
2016
>2,000 Sampled

26. Cattle: What’s Next? Test remaining cattle herds
Continue traces for 2nd herd
Develop plan for future area testing
Cattle and deer surveillance

27. More Info…