1. Matter: Properties & Change

2. A. Matter MATTER – ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE
EVERYTHING AROUND US
CHEMISTRY – THE STUDY OF MATTER AND THE CHANGES IT UNDERGOES

3. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

4. ANUDDER FLO CHART

5. B. Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

6. B. Pure Substances Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

7. C. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

8. C. Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

9. SOLUTE, SOLVENT AND SOLUTION

10. DISSOLVING SALT IN WATER

11. C. Mixtures Heterogeneous medium-sized to large-sized particles
particles may or may not settle
EX: milk, fresh-squeezed lemonade

12. SOLUTIONS, SUSPENSIONS AND COLLOIDS

13. PROPERTIES

14. C. Mixtures Examples: Answers: tea muddy water fog saltwater
Italian salad dressing
Answers:
Solution
Heterogeneous

15. A. Physical Properties
Physical properties can be described as one of 2 types:
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present (example: length)
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount (example: scent)

16. A. Physical Properties Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

17. F. Physical Changes Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Examples: cutting a sheet of paper, breaking a crystal, all phase changes

18. F. Phase Changes – Physical
Evaporation =
Condensation =
Melting =
Freezing =
Sublimation =
Liquid -> Gas Gas -> Liquid Solid -> Liquid Liquid -> Solid Solid -> Gas

19. D. Chemical Properties Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

20. G. Chemical Changes
Process that involves one or more substances changing into a new substance
Commonly referred to as a chemical reaction
New substances have different compositions and properties from original substances

21. FAMOUS CHEMICAL STUFF U SHOULD KNOW #JIMMY NEUTRON
ACIDS - THINGS THAT RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS ( H + ) WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
BASES ( ALKALINE ) - THINGS THAT RELEASE HYDROXIDE IONS ( OH - ) WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
THE pH SCALE MEASURES THE RANGE OF ACIDS/BASES

22. ACIDS AND BASES

23. NURD WARNING TOLD YA IT WAS NURDY
PH CAN BE VIEWED AS AN ABBREVIATION FOR POWER OF HYDROGEN - OR MORE COMPLETELY, POWER OF THE CONCENTRATION OF THE HYDROGEN ION.
THE MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION OF PH IS A BIT LESS INTUITIVE BUT IN GENERAL MORE USEFUL. IT SAYS THAT THE PH IS EQUAL TO TO THE NEGATIVE LOGARITHMIC VALUE OF THE HYDROGEN ION (H+) CONCENTRATION, OR
PH = -LOG [H+]
PH CAN ALTERNATIVELY BE DEFINED MATHEMATICALLY AS THE NEGATIVE LOGARITHMIC VALUE OF THE HYDROXONIUM ION (H3O+) CONCENTRATION. USING THE BRONSTED-LOWRY APPROACH
PH = -LOG [H3O+]
TOLD YA IT WAS NURDY

24. pH SCALE
7 IS YOUR FRIEND

25. G. Chemical Changes Signs of a Chemical Change change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat

26. E. Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Examples:
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical

27. H. Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical

28. What Type of Change?

29. What Type of Change?    

30. B. Four States of Matter Solids
particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume
incompressible

31. B. Four States of Matter Liquids
particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume
Virtually incompressible

32. B. Four States of Matter Gases
particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume
Easily compressed
Vapor = gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

33. B. Four States of Matter Plasma
particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes

34. STATES OF
MATTER

35. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

36. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

37. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

38. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

39. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

40. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Heat

41. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

42. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

43. LATENT HEAT = HEAT ABSORBED WHEN CHANGING PHASE
Specific HEAT CAPACITY = THE AMOUNT OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE 1 GRAM OF MATERIAL 1DEGREE C

44. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

45. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

46. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

47. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

48. 2. Lightning

49. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

50. MATTER REVIEW
QUIZLET CH 3
QUIZLET CH 2

51. SAYS TO DO YOUR MATH AND LIKE IT