1. Chapters 10 & 11
TOBACCO
&
Alcohol

2. Chapter 10
Alcohol
A Dangerous Drug

3. What is Alcohol ? Most misunderstood drug It is a DEPRESSANT
Must be 21 years of age to use this drug
Does change the way your body functions

4. Blood Alcohol Level Proof - measures the level of alcohol in your body
- BAL influenced by your gender & weight
Also know as BAC (Blood Alcohol Content)
Proof
- measures % of alcohol (twice the % of alcohol)
- 100 proof means 50% alcohol
- 80 proof means 40% alcohol

5. How to measure 1 standard drink
12 ounce bottle of beer
5-6 ounce glass of wine
ounce glass of whiskey
Key point: all of these drinks have about the same amount of alcohol content

6. Can one drink interfere with a person’s judgement & reflexes?
YES
When are you legally intoxicated?
Measure your BAL
Minors legally drunk .02
Georgia’s law for being legally drunk is .08
severe & dangerous intoxication level is .3 & up
Define intoxication :
being affected by alcohol (mild or severe)

7. Short & Long Term Effects on Alcohol
Short-Term :
After a few drinks, what can happen?
Start to feel relax
Face feels flush & warm
(alcohol widens the blood vessels)
Impaired vision & affects coordination
After drinking too much, what can happen?
Blackouts: Amnesia (loss of memory) Judgement center has been put to sleep. May act normal, but later unable to recall anything about it.
Hangovers: Uncomfortable physical effects (headache or nausea)
Time
Only way to cure a hangover is:

8. Long-Term :
After many years, how can alcohol seriously damage the body?
The body is damaged in 3 phases:
1. Liver damage (takes one hour to break down 1 standard drink)
2. Cause serious disease of the liver
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver (high fever, yellowish scar tissue)
Cirrhosis: condition in which liver cells are replaced by useless scar tissue
3. Can effect other functions of the body
examples: increase other cancers, interrupt REM sleep, lower WBC count, and kills brain cells

9. Hepatitis

11. Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism
Define Alcoholism:
- the state of being psychologically &
physically addicted to alcohol
3 Phases of Alcoholism
Abuse: intentionally drinking to get drunk in large moderation
Dependence: need the drug to function properly
Addiction: alcohol has dominated the body and life
Key Point: most risk factors for alcoholism can be CONTROLLED

12. Risk Factors for Alcoholism
Can Control
Cannot Control
Drink before the age 21
Associating with people who drink
Bending to peer pressure (say NO)
Drinking beyond moderation
Drinking at inappropriate times
Drinking alone
Genetics
Environment
Mothers who drink while pregnant, what happens?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: set of birth defects that can occur when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol
Types of birth defects include:
Low birth weight, severe mental disabilities, facial deformities, behavioral problems

13. Hope for Recovery How does someone quit drinking?
You must first admit that you have a problem (you are an alcoholic)
The process of recovery can be an on going process (could take years)
You have to over come the withdrawal symptoms
Define withdrawal
A process of discontinuing of a drug to which the body has become addicted
Will suffer from: extreme nervousness, headaches, tremors, seizures

14. Seek professional help if you cannot do it on your own!
Inpatient & Outpatient programs
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) – self-help program, involves 12 step
Al-Anon: helps talk about the problem of living with an alcoholic
Alateen: help teenagers cope with alcoholic parents

15. HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE
Chapter 11
TOBACCO
HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE

17. Tobacco Facts
The most avoidable cause of death in the United States is Cigarette Smoking
80% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking
Heart disease is 70% higher for smokers than nonsmokers
50,000 nonsmokers die from exposure to tobacco smoke each year

19. Chemicals of Tobacco Tobacco contains more than 4,000 chemical
More than 401 of these chemicals are poisonous and 43 are carcinogens
(cyanide, insecticide, fingernail polish remover, rat poisoning & formaldehyde)
What are carcinogens?
- cancer causing substances

20. 3 most poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke:
Tar: solid material in tobacco that condenses into a thick liquid
Causes destruction of the cilia and respiratory disease
What is Cilia? The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs
Cilia sweeps away agents that causes disease
Nicotine: the addictive chemical found in tobacco
Psychoactive chemical, chemical everyone gets hooked on, without nicotine, the body would go through physical withdrawals.
Carbon Monoxide: a poisonous gas released by burning tobacco
It interferes with the bloods ability to carry oxygen, causes shortness of breath

21. 1st Time Smokers Leads to many different types of symptoms:
Rapid pulse
Cold clammy skin
Lightheadedness
Vomiting & diarrhea

23. Smoking & Diseases
Cancer: a disease caused by cells that have lost normal growth controls, they invade and destroy healthy tissue.
Cancer can happen anywhere in the body
One major type of cancer is lung cancer
Every year, 120,000 Americans die from this disease
Other cancers include: larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas

25. Respiratory Diseases
Chronic Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs and the production of excessive mucus
- you wake up coughing and spitting up mucus
- can lead to emphysema
Emphysema: the tiny air sacs of the lungs lose their elasticity
- these air sacs absorb oxygen coming into the body and help push carbon dioxide out of the body
- shortness of breath, and you can’t breath without the help of a special oxygen tank

30. Mothers that Smoke There is a greater risk of miscarriage
The baby might be born to early
Low birth weight or other serious health problems
Great chance of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
Fathers who smoke can still affect the fetus/newborn
Baby receives nicotine from the mother’s breast milk

31. Risks of “Passive” Smoke
A burning cigarette releases two types of smoke:
Mainstream smoke: smoke passes through the tobacco and filter when the smoker inhales
Sidestream smoke: smoke rises from the cigarette during the time the smoke is not inhaled
75% of the smoke that comes from a burning cigarette is sidestream smoke (enters the environment)
A person who inhales the sidestream smoke of a cigarette is a Passive Smoker (SHS)
Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine, and three times as much carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke
Many new laws have been passed to protect the public from the danger of passive smoking

32. Other ways to get your fix of nicotine: (smokeless tobacco)
Chewing tobacco: a form of smokeless tobacco that is placed between a person’s check & gum
- releases juices of nicotine & other chemicals
- juices mix with saliva/mucus membrane that is absorbed into
the bloodstream
- example: red man
Snuff: ground tobacco that is inhaled through the nose or placed
between the cheek & gum
- nicotine & other chemicals are absorbed into the blood
stream through the mucus membrane
- example: Copenhagen
What is Leukoplakia?
Whitish or grayish patches that develop in the mouth that leads to cancer (dentist detect this while cleaning your teeth)

33. Snuff
or dip
Chewing Tobacco
or chaw

34. Leukoplakia & Oral Disease

37. Quitting Smoking or Chewing
Set a quitting date: choose a date & time when you know you will not be around smokers
Decide your approach: approaches work for different people (some prefer “Cold Turkey”)
Prepare your environment: throw all smoking materials away, in your home, at work, & car
Get help if you need it: use of nicotine gum or patch (can purchase without prescription)
Find other ways to cope with the stress: exercise, take long walks, stress management techniques, or seek professional help