1. The Digestive System or
Alimentary Canal

2. What to think about….. What is the digestive system?
Why do we need it (what’s its function)?
How does it work?
What are the different parts and their functions?

3. Function
The digestive system is responsible for the physical and chemical breakdown of food so that it can be taken into the bloodstream and used by body cells and tissues
Food is processed in 4 phases: Ingestion-mouth, digestion-stomach, absorption-sm or lg intestines, elimination-rectum, anus

4. Of all the things we do, what requires energy?
Everything
In order to obtain energy we need
FUEL
How do we get this fuel?
We Eat

5. What does food provide besides just energy?
RAW MATERIALS- we need to grow, repair tissues, and make new body cells.
But before our bodies can use food it must be
broken down

6. Why Digestion?
Because food must be broken into smaller pieces that can fit inside a cell.
The small pieces of food that contains the chemicals the body need to stay healthy are called
Nutrients

7. The main nutrients that we need from food include:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

8. Where is most protein found?
Proteins
                
Meat
Dairy
Proteins are the main structure of cells and tissues. It is usually used for repair and replacement of body cells.

9. Where are most carbohydrates found?
Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits
                                 
Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.

10. 2 kinds of Carbs
Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your basic sugars that your body can turn into energy very quickly.
Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs include potatoes and foods made from grains. Requires the body break them down first. Also called starches.

11. Where are most fats found?
Dairy, oil, butter, meats, and especially fast foods.
Fat is a way that the human body stores energy. Too much can be unhealthy though.

12. 2 kinds of Fat
The fat that is liquid at room temperature and is found in vegetable oils and seeds are:
unsaturated fats
Fats that are solid at room temperature and are considered not good for you are called
saturated fats

13. The nutrient needed in small quantities in order to regulate body functions and prevent disease are called
Vitamins
Another substance needed by the body helps chemical reactions, builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen are
minerals

14. Parts of the Digestive System
Mouth
pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
anus
Together this makes a tube called the:
Alimentary canal or digestive tract

15. About how long is the digestive tract?
30ft
Other organs attached to the digestive tract called accessory organs include the
pancreas
Salivary glands
Tongue
teeth
Liver
Gall Bladder

16. This is the opening to the digestive system.
Mouth
What are 3 accessory parts of the mouth that aid in digestion?
Salivary
Glands
TEETH
Tongue

17. 2 kinds of Digestion
Mechanical
The physical breakdown of food into smaller parts by cutting and tearing it (Mastication).
What part of the mouth does
this?
TEETH

18. When food is broken down into smaller molecules is called
Chemical Digestion
In your mouth this is done by a liquid called
saliva

19. When food is swallowed, where does it go next?
Esophagus
What is the esophagus?
A tube that connects the mouth and the stomach.

20. How does food make its way through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What is peristalsis?
Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

21. 2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature?
A. Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Vitamins

22. 2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature?
A. Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Vitamins

23. 1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy?
A. peristalsis
B. nutrients
C. organs
D. saliva

24. 1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy?
A. peristalsis
B. nutrients
C. organs
D. saliva

25. 3. What connects the mouth to the stomach?
A. peristalsis
B. pancreas
C. esophagus
D. protein

26. 3. What connects the mouth to the stomach?
A. peristalsis
B. pancreas
C. esophagus
D. protein

27. 4. Which of the following is not a nutrient?
A. saliva
B. protein
C. fat
D. carbohydrates

28. 4. Which of the following is not a nutrient?
A. saliva
B. protein
C. fat
D. carbohydrates

29. A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical
5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is
A. Carbohydrate
B. Peristalsis
C. Mechanical
D. Chemical

30. A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical
5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is
A. Carbohydrate
B. Peristalsis
C. Mechanical
D. Chemical

31. 6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion?
A. lips
B. tongue
C. saliva
D. teeth

32. 6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion?
A. lips
B. tongue
C. saliva
D. Teeth (mastication)

33. A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single
7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar?
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Double
D. Single

34. A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single
7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar?
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Double
D. Single

35. 8. Which of the following is not associated with the digestive tract?
A. gall bladder
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. ureter

36. 8. Which of the following is not connected to the digestive tract?
A. gall bladder
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. ureter

37. 9. Which of the following is a good source of protein?
A. bread
B. rice
C. meat
D. potatoes

38. 9. Which of the following is a good source of protein?
A. bread
B. rice
C. meat
D. potatoes

39. 10. How does food makes its way through the digestive tract?
A. esophagus
B. peristalsis
C. mechanical
D. complex

40. 10. How does food makes it way through the digestive tract?
A. esophagus
B. peristalsis
C. mechanical
D. complex

41. Stomach has 2 valves/sphincters
Cardiac valve or cardiac sphincter, which connects the esophagus to the stomach
Pyloric valve or pyloric sphincter located at the base of the stomach and connects the stomach to the small intestines.
Both contract and expand to allow food to enter and leave the stomach.

42. How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach?
The stomach produces gastric acid that helps breakdown food.
The lining of the stomach contains folds called rugae that disappear as the stomach fills with food

43. What is gastric juice made of?
Enzymes
Pepsin starts protein digestion
Lipase starts chemical breakdown of fats
Hydrochloric Acid
Kills bacteria
Activates the
enzyme pepsin
Facilitates absorption of iron
This is what helps in the chemical digestion of food in the stomach.
Food spends about 2-4 hrs in the stomach.

44. A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.
HCL is very strong acid. Why does it not harm the tissue of the stomach?
Mucus
A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.

46. What is the condition when acid gets through the layer of mucus and damages the inside of the stomach?
Ulcer
The major cause of peptic or duodenal ulcer is bacteria

47. As the food leaves the stomach, it has a new name called
Chyme
Chyme is a thin watery product that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the
small intestine

48. As food enters the small intestine, breaks down the fats and oils in the food.
bile
Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like soap or detergent in how it can break apart fats and oils. This liquid is made by the
the largest gland in the body, bile is stored in the
liver
gall bladder

49. Like the liver and gall bladder, the is also connected to the small intestine, it is located behind the stomach.
pancreas

50. People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called
The pancreas produces enzymes to help digestion. It also produces a hormone called
insulin
Insulin allows for the absorption of glucose by the body’s cells. Without it, the cells can’t absorb their food.
People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called
diabetes

51. circulatory system
The is responsible for getting the nutrients from the small intestine out to the rest of the body.
But first the molecules of food have to get from the Small Intestine into the blood.

52. The inside of the Small Intestine is covered with small fingerlike projections called
The villi have capillaries running through them that can absorb the nutrients from the
chyme.
Most absorption and
digestion has occurred
Food spends about 3-5
hrs in the sm. intestine
Villi

53. Some foods like cannot be digested.
cellulose
Some foods like cannot be digested.
Cellulose is a kind of carbohydrate found in fruits and vegetables (plants). Often referred to as fiber.
Fiber helps keep the digestive system running smoothly.

54. Does the body use all the food it eats
Does the body use all the food it eats? The part of the food (chyme) not used in the small intestine travels to the
Large
Intestine

55. There is a small organ attached to the large intestine called the
appendix
The appendix essentially has no function but can become infected and an appendectomy due to appendicitis may be needed.

56. As the food moves Through the large intestine is absorbed.
water
As the water is extracted from the Large Intestines the waste product become more
solid
Undigested food can stay in the large intestine for 10 hours to several days
This waste product is
feces

57. Where does the feces collect before removal from the body?
rectum
When enough is collected the brain is signaled for elimination.

58. Diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that develop along the walls of the intestines. Diverticulitis happens when feces gets trapped in these pouches. This allows bacteria to grow in the pouches. This can lead to inflammation or infection.

59. Cholecystitis
Sometimes require removal of gallbladder

60. Cirrhosis a chronic destruction of liver cells and formation of fibrous scar tissue caused by hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and chemical toxins

62. More Digestive conditions…
Diarrhea
Occurs when the large intestine doesn’t absorb enough water and the stool is running and watery
Constipation
Occurs when the large intestines absorb too much water making the stool hard and dry

63. Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in your rectal/anus area similar to varicose veins
Have a number of causes, although often the cause is unknown.
They may result from straining during bowel movements or
from the increased
pressure on these
veins during pregnancy.

64. Crohn’s disease
A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. It’s unpredictable and has many symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose, as well as treat.
An estimated 1.4 million Americans have an IBD, and there’s about 30,000 new diagnoses each year. While there’s no cure, there are many treatment options, including surgery, medications, and dietary changes.
:09 “Crohn’s 101”, Also on this link “Living with Crohn’s Disease”

65. What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine?
A. Chyme
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Cellulose

66. What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine?
A. Chyme
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Cellulose

67. 2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats?
A. Chyme
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Feces
D. Bile

68. 2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats?
A. Chyme
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Feces
D. Bile

69. 3. Where is water removed from the chyme?
A. Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine

70. 3. Where is water removed from the chyme?
A. Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine

71. 4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and a lack of it causes diabetes?
A. Chyme
B. Enzyme
C. Insulin
D. Hydrochloric Acid

72. 4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and a lack of it causes diabetes?
A. Chyme
B. Enzyme
C. Insulin
D. Hydrochloric Acid

73. 5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrients are absorbed by capillaries surrounding it?
A. Chyme
B. Pancreas
C. Villi
D. Cellulose

74. 5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrients are absorbed by capillaries surrounding it?
A. Chyme
B. Pancreas
C. Villi
D. Cellulose

75. 6. What organ makes bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine

76. 6. What organ makes bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine

77. 7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food?
A. Chyme
B. Gastric Juices
C. Insulin
D. Bile

78. 7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food?
A. Chyme
B. Gastric Juices
C. Insulin
D. Bile

79. 8. What condition can happen if the stomach lining fails to protect the stomach?
A. Ulcer
B. Diabetes
C. Cellulose
D. Bile

80. 8. What condition can happen if the stomach mucous lining fails to protect the stomach?
A. Ulcer
B. Diabetes
C. Cellulose
D. Bile

81. 9.What’s the correct order?
A. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
L Intestine, S Intestine, rectum, anus
B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine, pharynx, rectum, anus
C. Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine, anus, rectum
D. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine, rectum, anus

82. 9.What is the correct order?
A. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, L Intestine, S Intestine, rectum, anus
B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine, pharynx, rectum, anus
C. Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine, anus, rectum
D. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine, rectum, anus