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ORTHOGRAPHIC READING Analysis by Solids
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Some of familiar solid objects
BASIC IDEA Objects are decomposed into solid geometric primitives. Some of familiar solid objects Rectangular prism Cylinder Negative cylinder (Hole)
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Some of familiar solid objects
BASIC IDEA Objects are decomposed into solid geometric primitives. Some of familiar solid objects Cone Sphere
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READING STEPS 1. Orient yourself with the views given. (Choose the viewing direction.) 2. Read the individual surfaces that appeared in each view and related to each other. 3. Create a proper solid geometric primitive from each reading. 4. Assembly all of solid geometric primitive according to orthographic views.
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EXAMPLE A Composition Given Rectangular prism Hole Front View
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EXAMPLE B Given Composition Rectangular prism Cylinder Front View
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EXAMPLE C Composition Given Cylinder with a blind hole.
L-shaped with round end Hole
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EXAMPLE D Composition Given Wedge
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EXAMPLE D Composition Given Wedge L-shaped block
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ORTHOGRAPHIC READING Analysis by Surfaces
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READING STEPS 1. Orient yourself with the views given.
2. Read the individual set of lines or surface that appeared in each view and related to each other. An understanding in orthographic projection, i.e. meaning of lines and surfaces are almost important.
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READING STEPS 3. Mentally create and sketch a form of the surface that produce the same orthographic views as those at the beginning. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all surfaces are read. During this repeating process, the details of an object are added up until its completed shape is obtained.
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GUIDANCE 1 Adjacent areas that are not in the same plane must be separated by lines. Different plane Same plane Line exists Edge view Edge view
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EXAMPLE Top view Some of possible objects’ shape. B
All surfaces A, B and C are not in the same plane. Some of possible objects’ shape. A B C A B C A C B
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GUIDANCE 2 Areas that show a similar shape in more than one
view is the same surface. Similar shape
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GUIDANCE 2 Areas that show a similar shape in more than one
view is the same surface.
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EXAMPLE A Similar shape Similar shape
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EXAMPLE A
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EXAMPLE A
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EXAMPLE B
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EXAMPLE B
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EXAMPLE B
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EXAMPLE B
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EXAMPLE B
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SELF PEACTICE
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Quick Quiz
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Given the top view of an object sketch possible 3 front views
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