1. Volume 115, Issue 6, Pages 1363-1373 (December 1998)
Differential effect of long-term esophageal acid exposure on mechanosensitivity and chemosensitivity in humans 
Ronnie Fass, Bruce Naliboff, Lisa Higa, Cindy Johnson, Anatoly Kodner, Julie Munakata, Jimmy Ngo, Emeran A. Mayer 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 115, Issue 6, Pages (December 1998)
DOI: /S (98)
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Pressure-volume relationship during ramp distention of the esophagus. (A) Pressure development in proximal esophagus during slow-ramp distention in a representative control subject. Each dot indicates 1-mL volume increment. Increase in volume resulted in progressively higher phasic esophageal contraction amplitude superimposed on the linear pressure volume relationship (indicated by straight line). Compliance was expressed as dV/dp. (B) Discomfort threshold tracking during a 700-second trial using volume (left x axis; ●) or calculated wall tension (right x axis; ○). Arrow indicates the time point when subject first indicated discomfort and barostat switched into tracking mode. Tracking based on intrabag volume gave more reliable and stable thresholds than tracking based on wall tension or intrabag pressure (not shown). Symbols around 10 mL (baseline volume) indicate that subject could differentiate well between stimulus and interstimulus interval.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
Pressure-volume relationship during ramp distention of the esophagus. (A) Pressure development in proximal esophagus during slow-ramp distention in a representative control subject. Each dot indicates 1-mL volume increment. Increase in volume resulted in progressively higher phasic esophageal contraction amplitude superimposed on the linear pressure volume relationship (indicated by straight line). Compliance was expressed as dV/dp. (B) Discomfort threshold tracking during a 700-second trial using volume (left x axis; ●) or calculated wall tension (right x axis; ○). Arrow indicates the time point when subject first indicated discomfort and barostat switched into tracking mode. Tracking based on intrabag volume gave more reliable and stable thresholds than tracking based on wall tension or intrabag pressure (not shown). Symbols around 10 mL (baseline volume) indicate that subject could differentiate well between stimulus and interstimulus interval.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 2
Chemosensitivity and endoscopic evidence for tissue injury and symptoms. (A) Correlation between acid perfusion test intensity score and esophageal grading using the Hetzel–Dent grading system. Each data point represents an individual patient with GERD (r = 0.916; P = 0.002). (B) Individual values of acid perfusion intensity score under baseline conditions and on acid suppression.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 2
Chemosensitivity and endoscopic evidence for tissue injury and symptoms. (A) Correlation between acid perfusion test intensity score and esophageal grading using the Hetzel–Dent grading system. Each data point represents an individual patient with GERD (r = 0.916; P = 0.002). (B) Individual values of acid perfusion intensity score under baseline conditions and on acid suppression.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 3
Pain perception during ramp distention of proximal and distal esophagus. Correlation between perception thresholds for pain during slow-ramp distention in the distal and proximal esophagus. Each data point represents an individual patient with GERD (r = 0.79; P = ).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 4
Perception of discomfort during esophageal distention. (A) Perception thresholds for discomfort during rapid phasic distention in the distal esophagus. Thresholds were determined during tracking paradigm as described in Materials and Methods. Each dot represents 1 patient. The bar indicates the mean value. There was no group effect on perception thresholds for discomfort. (B) Perception thresholds for discomfort during rapid phasic distention in the proximal and distal esophagus in patients with GERD off (control) acid suppression. There was a location effect (P < 0.05) but no therapeutic effect (P = 0.70) using a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 4
Perception of discomfort during esophageal distention. (A) Perception thresholds for discomfort during rapid phasic distention in the distal esophagus. Thresholds were determined during tracking paradigm as described in Materials and Methods. Each dot represents 1 patient. The bar indicates the mean value. There was no group effect on perception thresholds for discomfort. (B) Perception thresholds for discomfort during rapid phasic distention in the proximal and distal esophagus in patients with GERD off (control) acid suppression. There was a location effect (P < 0.05) but no therapeutic effect (P = 0.70) using a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 5
Stimulus response functions for perception during esophageal distention. Stimulus response functions for patients with GERD separated into high (above median; ○) and low (below median; ●). Results are shown as mean sensory intensity rating.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions