1. Graphing, Metric System and Measurement
Unit 1
Graphing, Metric System
and
Measurement

2. How can we look at our data?
Use a graph
A graph is a visual display of information or data

3. Circle Graphs or Pie Charts
Used to show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts.
The circle represents the total and the slices represent the parts.

4. Bar Graphs
Useful for comparing information collected by counting.

5. Line Graphs
Used to show trends, or how data changes over time.

6. Parts of a Graph Title: Tells what the graph is about
Independent Variable: The variable controlled by the experimenter (x-axis)
Dependent Variable: The variable affected by the independent variable
(y-axis)

7. Parts of a Graph
Scale: The numbers used on the axis (should include all data)
Legend: Describes data being graphed

8. Parts of a Graph Title Dependent Variable Scales (Numbers) Independent
Legend

9. Metric System

10. Metric System

11. Metric System The metric system is a standard system of measurement.
We use prefixes with base units
Measurement
Base Unit
Abbreviation
Length
meter m
Volume
liter L
Mass
Gram g

12. Prefixes
kilo
hecto
deca
BASE
UNITS
meter
liter
gram
deci
centi
milli

13. Problem We need to measure the size of the room.
What is the base unit?
For length, we use meters.
The room is 10m long.

14. Problem
What if we need to measure a longer distance, like from home to school?
You live approximately 10 miles from school
10 miles = 16100m
That’s a big number. By changing the prefix and moving the decimal, we can make it more manageable.
16100m = 16.1km

15. Whiteboard Practice Convert 2.53g to kg Convert 0.0741L to dL
Convert 125.2mm to m
Convert 561kL to mL
Convert 334.5cg to dag
Convert hm to dm

16. Measurement

17. Measurement Metric System - System of measurement used by scientists
Also known as the International System of Units, abbreviated SI
Based on the number 10

18. Length Length is the distance between two points
base unit is the meter (abbreviated m)
measured with a meter stick or a metric ruler

19. Measuring Length
Start the measurement at the 0cm mark on the ruler or meter stick
Read the length of the object to the whole centimeter, plus 2 decimal places (estimate the last one)

20. Measurement Practice Measure the length of the index card
Measure the length of the pencil
Measure the length of the paper clip
Record your group’s results on the board at the front of the room.
Measure 5.0mL of water in the graduated cylinder and show Mrs. D.

21. Temperature
Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is
Unit is ºC
Water freezes at 0ºC
Water boils at 100ºC
The celsius scale is divided into 100 equal divisions
Read thermometers to the nearest degree or half degree

22. Volume Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object
base unit is the liter (abbreviated L)

23. Measuring Volume
Volumes of many solid objects may be calculated by measuring the length, width, and height of the object, then multiplying the numbers together:
V = L x W x H

24. Calculating Volume
V = L x W x H V = 4cm x 3cm x 12 cm = 144 cm3

25. Measuring Volume
Liquid volumes should be measured with a graduated cylinder (in mL)
When reading a graduated cylinder, look at the graduated cylinder at eye level
Read the bottom
of the meniscus,
the curve of the
liquid on the cylinder
Read to the nearest unit
or half unit

26. Measuring Volume
Volumes of irregular solid objects may be determined by the displacement method
Put some water in a graduated cylinder and record the volume
Add the object to the graduated cylinder
Record the new volume
The difference between the new volume and the original volume is the volume of the object

27. Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object
standard unit is the kilogram (abbreviated kg)
Our balances measure mass in grams (g)

28. Measuring Mass Measure the mass of a solid using a balance
Our balances are digital
Use a weigh “boat” to hold the solid on the pan of the balance

29. Measuring Mass Digital balance Make sure the balance reads 0.0g
If not, press the “Zero”button
Measure the mass of the boat and record it
Add the solid to the boat
Measure the mass of the boat and the solid
To find the mass of the solid, subtract the mass of the boat from the mass of the boat and the solid

30. Measuring Mass
Measure the mass of a liquid using a balance and a graduated cylinder (GC)
First mass the empty GC
Add the liquid to the GC
Mass the liquid and the GC together
To get the mass of the liquid, take the mass of the liquid and GC and subtract the mass of the GC.

31. Density Density is the mass per unit volume of a material
Density may be used to identify a material

32. Density Density is calculated using this formula Density = mass
volume
Units are usually g/cm3
This formula is on your reference table