1. Supernova’s
By Blake Sharin

2. Introduction How are stars formed? How do stars die? Supernova’s
Type I Supernova
Type II Supernova
Neutron Stars
Black Holes

3. How are Stars Formed? Compromise between two forces.
Strong Nuclear Force
Star expands
Gravity
Pressure generated from thermonuclear reactions
Star contracts
Interstellar Medium
Cloud of dust and gas (sometimes visible)

4. How are Stars Formed? (contd.)
Stars form from the cold dark cloud of gas and dust in outer space.
Some sort of disturbance causes clumps of matter to form.
Blast wave.
Gravity pulls this matter together.
Core Rotates, heats up the center.
Protostar.
Energy into radiation and thermal energy which increases temp.
Temp finally reaches 10 million K
Thermonuclear reaction (Hydrogen atoms fuse).

5. Columns of cool interstellar hydrogen gas and dust that are also incubators for new stars

6. How do Stars Die? Two types of stars Stars like our sun
Run out of hydrogen
Temperature cools, leading to its collapse
Becomes Red Giant Star
Turns into a White Dwarf Star

7. How do Stars Die? (contd.)
Massive Stars
8 times the mass of the sun
Similar to the death of the Sun
Starts off with a blue white color
Expands, cools, turns yellow
Pulsates for few months
Turns into Red Supergiant Star
1,000 larger than our Sun

8. Death of a Massive Star (contd.)
While the sun can burn helium and hydrogen to keep the star shinning, massive stars attain temperatures so great that Iron is produced in the core.
Iron is the most stable nuclei.
It is at this point where the core collapses and the imploding material produces a shock wave.
Shock wave blows the star apart and produces a Supernova.

9. Illustration of a Massive Stars Life Cycle

10. Type I Supernova Caused by the collapse of a White Dwarf Star.
White Dwarf Star exceeds 1.4 solar masses, star will collapse.
Leaves no remnants behind.

11. Type II Supernova
Similar to Type I Supernova, but these will leave behind a black hole or a neutron star.
If the mass of the core is less than 2 or 3 solar masses, it becomes a neutron star.
If the mass of the core is more than 2 or 3 solar masses, it becomes a black hole.

12. Supernova 1987A

13. Black Holes
Region of spacetime from which nothing can escape, even light.
It is impossible to see a black hole directly because no light can escape from them; they are black.
Inside the core, the brown disk weighs 100,000 times the mass of the sun.
Gravity is 1 million times as strong as the sun.

14. Conclusion