1. We may need to get rid of the woodpecker!

2. Unit 2A: The CLASSICAL MIDDLE EAST

3. JUDAISM Chapter 3, Section 4

4. *Hebrews, Children of Israel, Jews*
Originated in Babylon
*Were led into Palestine by Abraham, father of the Hebrews
BC, drought forced some Hebrews into Egypt where they were forced into slavery

5. THE BOOK OF EXODUS
Story of Moses, BC, leading the Hebrews out of Slavery in Egypt
& crossing the
Red Sea
Wander the Sinai Peninsula for 40 yrs.

7. *10 COMMANDMENTS* .
On Mt. Sinai, 1250BC, Moses was given the 10 Commandments
*Became the basic laws of conduct for Judaism and Christianity

9. Mt. Sinai, where Moses received the 10 Commandments
Mt. Sinai, where Moses received the 10 Commandments. In the foreground here is the Monastery of St. Catherine, with Mt. Sinai rising in the background . The courtyard of this monastery is the traditional site of the Burning Bush mentioned in the Bible.

10. * COVENANT* *COVENANT – agreement between GOD & MAN
Hebrews believed they were God’s “CHOSEN PEOPLE” AS LONG AS THEY OBEYED THE 10 COMMAND-MENTS

11. YAHWEH YAHWEH is the Jewish GOD
Monotheism-worship only 1 GOD. Yahweh is the one & only GOD

12. *SOLOMON Son of David Ruled for 40 yrs
*BUILT 1st HEBREW TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM – ARK OF THE COVENANT

13. Ruins of Temple of Jerusalem
Dome of the Rock-Islam

14. A reconstruction of Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem
A reconstruction of Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem. King Solomon ruled Israel between 970 and 930 B.C. He perfected the work of organizing the central government begun by his father David, he developed trade in distant places, and achieved fame as a sage and poet. He also under took a vast building program dictated by defense needs. This temple, on which Solomon spent lavishly, was an atttempt to centralize the cult of Yahweh in Jerusalem. In its inner chamber was the Ark of the Covenant. This is one of the many conceptions of the temple.

15. KINGDOM DIVIDED
After Solomon’s death the kingdom is divided into 2 kingdom’s:
1. Israel, north, 10 tribes
2. Judah, south, 2 tribes

16. Disaster for the Hebrews
Babylonian King Nebuchanezzar captures Judah 586BC, enslaves the Hebrews, & destroys Solomon’s Temple
Assyrians, 722BC, conquer Israel & disperse the Jews to distant places

17. *PERSIANS *
* Cyrus the Great, allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem & rebuild the Temple
515BC 2nd Temple completed

18. The Wailing Wall or Western Wall in Jerusalem
The Wailing Wall or Western Wall in Jerusalem. As a physical remnant of the ancient Jewish temple, it has become an object of pilgrimage for Jews from around the world. It has remained a symbol of Jewish attachment to the land Palestine and is a reminder of the destruction of the temple and scattering of the Jews around 70 AD. These hug rows of rocks made up the western wall of the courtyard of the ancient temple.

19. *JEWISH RELIGION *Called JUDAISM GOD is not physical
No physical images

20. *ETHICAL MONOTHEISM*-Jews greatest contribution.
MORALS
ONE & ONLY GOD
Fierce & vengeful later changed to A WISE & FORGIVING GOD
*Emphasis on moral conduct and the worship of one God

21. JEWISH RELIGION TORAH-1st 5 books of the Old Testament 10 Commandments
No one is above the law
Influenced Islam & Christianity
*One of the FEW religions at this time that worshipped just ONE God
HEBREW LAW DEMANDED THAT SlaVES BE TREATED WITH KINDNESS. WOMEN HAD FEW RIGHTS AND UNDER HEBREW LAW, BUT RESPECT FOR WOMEN WAS TAUGHT – Music 8 days

22. *ZOROASTER Persian (Iranian) Prophet
*Established early beliefs in Heaven, hell and a final judgment
Introduced the idea of Monotheism into a Polytheistic Persian culture
ZOROASTRIANISM religion influenced early Judaism, Christianity, & Islam