1. Lesson 5: Civil War Leaders and Battles part 2
Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 5: Civil War Leaders and Battles part 2

2. EOCT Review Questions
Who was the President of the United States in 1861?
Who was the only President of the Confederate States of America (CSA)?
Who was Robert E. Lee’s “right arm”, and how did he die?
What was the first battle of the Civil War?

3. Why do you think the Union’s population was so much larger than the population in the Confederacy?
What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs?
Why would the loss of lives in the Battles be so devastating to the Confederacy?

4. What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs?
After looking at these graphs, why do you think a Union blockade on the Southern ports was a good strategy?
Why would the loss of the control of the Mississippi River hurt the Confederacy?

5. Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)
habeas corpus is a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial
After a string of draft riots in many northern cities, Lincoln decided to suspend habeas corpus. If someone opposed the war, they could be detained without a trial
Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from resisting the Union’s cause

6. Antietam: September 1862
Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men
The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded)
Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia
The Union victory led
Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation
Proclamation
There is a hyperlink on the title, “Antietam.” The link should take you to a short video clip that can be found on the following website:
What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

7. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862 and to punish the rebelling states.
The Proclamation:
-freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion
-did not free the slaves in the border states
-gave the Union
Army another
reason to fight: the
liberation of slaves
Which slave states were unaffected by the Proclamation?
Why did Lincoln plan this?

8. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863
Lee again decided to invade the North in hope that the North would settle for peace
Lee wanted supplies and food from the urban Union towns.
Largest Battle of Civil War (160,000 men involved)
The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting
Southern defeat and turning point of the war

9. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863
Lee retreated on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force
The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight
Why do you think
Gettysburg is considered
the turning point of the war?
There is a hyperlink on the title, “Gettysburg.” The link should take you to a short video clip that can be found on the following website:

10. Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery
Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union
The URL on the page ( is the audio of the Gettysburg Address.

12. Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863
By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River
Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment
The Confederate forces surrender
July 4th 1863, which gave the
Union complete control of the
Mississippi River and cut the
Confederacy in half
Which Confederate states were isolated
from the rest of the South with the fall of
Vicksburg?
There is a hyperlink on the title, “Vicksburg.” The link should take you to a short video clip that can be found on the following website:

13. Battle for Atlanta: August 1864
Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South
He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value
Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

15. Surrender at Appomattox
Lee was taken over by Grant’s forces; Sherman on his way to meet Grant…
With that news, Davis and other Confederate leaders abandon Confederate Capital
April 9, 1865 – Lee and Grant arrange surrender at the Appomattox Court House

18. Surrender Terms Lincoln’s Decision
No need to further separate the Union
Lee’s soldiers were paroled and sent home…
Was there a lot of punishment involved?

19. Bell Ringer What was the bloodiest one-day battle in American history?
What battle was the turning point of the Civil War?
Where were the documents signed to end the Civil War?
What document freed all the slaves in rebelling territories?

20. Social Changes Emancipation Proclamation only freed who???
Lincoln wanted Constitutional Amendment to abolish slavery – didn’t pass in 1864
1866 – Congress ratified the 13th Amendment

21. Costs of War Human lives Monetary Costs 360,000 Union Soldiers died
260,000 Confederate Soldiers died
TOTAL DEAD: 620,000
500,000 Total Wounded
10% of population in military
Monetary Costs
$3.3 Billion

22. Casualties of American Wars
1. World War II
407,316
2. World War I
116,708
3. Vietnamese Conflict
58,168
4. Korean Conflict
54,246
5. American Revolution
4,435
6. Spanish-American War
2,456
7. War of 1812
2,260
8. Mexican War
1,733
9. Indian Wars
1,000
10. Gulf War
293
TOTAL
648,615
How do the casualties of the Civil War compare
to the casualties of other American wars?

23. Civil War Casualties
Union ,000
Confederate ,000
TOTAL ,000
There were nearly as many casualties in the Civil War as in all of America's other wars combined.

24. Exit Ticket!
How was the Emancipation Proclamation a key part of Lincoln’s military strategy in the Civil War?
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Union and Confederacy during the Battles of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta?