1. Prescription Medicine abuse

2. According to several national surveys, prescription medications are being abused at a rate second only to marijuana among illicit drug users.
US Department of Health, 2014

3. The consequences of this abuse have been steadily worsening, reflected in increased treatment admissions, emergency room visits, and overdose deaths.
US Department of Health, 2014

4. 3 Types of Medicines commonly abused
There are
3 Types of
Medicines
commonly abused

5. Pain Killers (Opiates) Those that treat ADHD and Narcolepsy
(Stimulants)
Those that treat Anxiety (Anxiolytics, Barbiturates and Benzopiazepines)

6. Opiates

7. Opiates in Ohio
In 2012, approximately 2.5 million Americans abused or were dependent on opioids. Of those 2.5 million, less than 40 percent received medication-assisted therapy for their condition.
In 1997 if dose were divided by person in the state, there would be 6 or 7 doses per person.

8. In 2010, there were 67 doses per person per year!

9. Narcotics
Originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any sleep- inducing properties. In the USA it has since become associated with opioids, commonly morphine and heroin and their derivatives, such as hydrocodone. (vicodin)

10. When used in a legal context in the US, a narcotic drug is simply one that is totally prohibited, or one that is used in violation of strict governmental regulation, such as PCP or marijuana

11. current Psychotherapeutics use

13. An estimated 52 million people (20 percent of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons at least once in their lifetimes
It been classified as an epidemic by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

14. 20 percent of those aged 12 and older have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons at least once in their lifetimes.

15. Opiates List of Prescription Percocet (Oxycodone)
Fentanyl (Duragesic®)
Hydrocodone (Vicodin®)
Oxycodone (OxyContin®)
Oxymorphone (Opana®)
Propoxyphene (Darvon®)
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid®)
Meperidine (Demerol®)
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil®)

16. Opioids: Acute Effects
Euphoria
Pain relief
Suppresses cough reflex
Histamine release
Warm flushing of the skin
Dry mouth
Drowsiness and lethargy
Sense of well-being
Depression of the central nervous system (mental functioning clouded)
Instructions
Read the slide to your audience.

17. Long-Term Effects of Opioids
Fatal overdose
Collapsed veins
Infectious diseases
Higher risk of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis
Infection of the heart lining and valves
Pulmonary complications & pneumonia
Respiratory problems
Abscesses
Instructions
Read the long-term effects of stimulant use to your audience
Point to the areas of the body that are affected by the use of these drugs.
Additional Information for Trainers
Chronic users of opioids may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, cellulitis, and liver disease. Pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may result from the poor health condition of the abuser, as well as from heroin’s depressing effects on respiration.
Heroin abuse during pregnancy and its many associated environmental factors (e.g., lack of prenatal care) have been associated with adverse consequences including low birth weight, an important risk factor for later developmental delay. In addition to the effects of the drug itself, street heroin may have additives that do not readily dissolve and result in clogging of the blood vessels that lead to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain. This can cause infection or even death of small patches of cells in vital organs.
(Source: NIDA InfoFacts.)

18. Low birth weight and developmental delay Spontaneous abortion
Liver disease
Low birth weight and developmental delay
Spontaneous abortion
Cellulitis
Heroin abuse is associated with serious health conditions, including fatal overdose, spontaneous abortion, and—particularly in users who inject the drug—infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, and liver or kidney disease. Pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may result from the poor health of the abuser as well as from heroin’s depressing effects on respiration. In addition to the effects of the drug itself, street heroin often contains toxic contaminants or additives that can clog blood vessels leading to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain, causing permanent damage to vital organs.
SOURCE: National Institute on Drug Abuse,

19. Opiate Withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal reactions are very uncomfortable but are not life threatening. Symptoms usually start within 12 hours of last heroin usage and within 30 hours of last methadone exposure.
Narcan….Back from the dead!

20. Early Phase Extreme Drug Craving Agitation Anxiety Muscle aches
Increased tearing
Insomnia
Runny nose
Sweating
Yawning

21. Late symptoms of withdrawal include:
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Dilated pupils
Goose bumps
Nausea
Vomiting

22. National Geographic Drugs Inc.
Pill Nation
National Geographic Drugs Inc.

24. Depressants
Three Categories

25. Drugs that fall into this general category are:
benzodiazepines
barbiturates
sleep aids.
Anti-psychotics like Risperdal that have a very heavy sedating effect are not included in this category.

26. While not being as widespread as pain reliever abuse, at least two million people in the US alone are abusing tranquilizers.
Each year, nearly 140,000 new people abuse them for the first time.

27. Abusers may find that lives seems more tolerable when they experience this artificial and addictive calming of their stress.
A person who has been abusing these drugs for some time may show signs that resemble the problems that the drugs were supposed to handle in the first place, including anxiety and insomnia.

28. Withdrawal from the depressants can cause death and should only be done by medical personnel in a medical setting.
Seizures
Heart Attacks
Strokes

29. Intoxication Effects Benzodiazepines Sedation/drowsiness
Diazepam (Valium®)
Alprazolam (Xanax®)
Serax (Oxecepam)
Librium
Barr
Klonopin
Ativan
Sedation/drowsiness
Reduced anxiety
Feelings of wellbeing,
Lowered inhibitions
Slurred speech
Poor concentration
Confusion,
Dizziness,
Impaired coordination and memory

30. Amytal Nembutal Seconal Tuinal Ambien Lunesta Sonata Barbituarates
Sleep Aids
Amytal
Nembutal
Seconal
Tuinal
Ambien
Lunesta
Sonata

31. Amphetamines methamphetamines, Cocaine, crack
Psycho-stimulants

32. Amphetamines
"Faster, faster, until the thrill of speed overcomes the fear of death." Hunter S. Thompson

33. Stimulants Effects Used as a study aide in high school and college
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine®)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin® and Concerta®)
Amphetamines (Adderall®)
Used as a study aide in high school and college
Focus and Concentration
Can be a gateway for other stimulants

34. Amphetamines power, strength, energy, self-assertion
aroused euphoria which may last several hours
feels he can take on the world.

35. SIGNS OF AMPHETAMINE OVERDOSE:
restlessness
tremors
rapid breathing
confusion
hallucinations
panic
aggressiveness