1. Types of Cells and Cell Structures

2. Prokaryotes – The first Cells
Cells that lack a nucleus or “membrane”bound organelles
Includes bacteria
Simplest type of cell

3. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region (center) But NO NUCLEUS containing the DNA
Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) in their cytoplasm to make proteins

4. Eukaryotes Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
More complex type of cells

5. Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles

6. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

7. Organelles

8. Organelles Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a cell
Found in the cytoplasm

9. Cell Membrane
Semi-permeable, double-layer membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell
Surrounds the outside of cells

10. Cell Membrane in Plants
Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Pushes out against the cell wall to maintain cell shape

11. Cell Wall Found outside of the cell membrane Non-living layer
Supports and protects cell
Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria

12. Cytoplasm of a Cell Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

13. More on Cytoplasm
cytoplasm
Contains organelles to carry out specific functions (jobs)

14. Nucleus- Organelle Controls the activities of the cell
Contains the genetic material (DNA)
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane Usually the largest organelle in cell

15. Inside the Nucleus -
Genetic material (DNA)

16. 2. Nucleolus ( organelle)
Found inside nucleus
Makes the ribosomes that make proteins

17. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Generates cellular energy
Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria
Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)
More active cells such as muscle cells have MORE mitochondria

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER
Network of hollow membrane tubules
Connects nuclear membrane & cell membrane
Functions in Transport
Two kinds of ER ---ROUGH & SMOOTH

19. Site of making proteins in the body such as hormones, insulin, keratin
Ribosomes
Site of making proteins in the body such as hormones, insulin, keratin

20. Can be attached to Rough ER Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Can be attached to Rough ER OR
Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm

21. Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs
Have a shipping side (CIS) & a receiving side (TRANS)
Receive molecules made by ER
Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends
CIS
TRANS
Transport vesicle

22. Golgi Bodies Golgi modifies, sorts, & package molecules from ER
Looks like a stack of pancakes
Golgi modifies, sorts, & package
molecules from ER
for storage OR transport out of cell

23. Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES

24. Lysosomes Digestion and waste removal
Breaks down and recycles worn out cell parts to be used for ”new” cells
Engulfs bacteria and viruses

25. Cilia & Flagella
Function to move cells in fluids or to move small particles across the cell surface

26. Cilia & Flagella Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells
Flagella are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells

27. Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

28. Cilia Moving Away Dust Particles from the Lungs

29. Vacuoles Fluid filled sacks for storage
Small or absent in animal cells
Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole

30. Vacuoles In plants, they store Cell Sap
Includes storage of sugars, proteins, minerals, lipids, wastes, salts, water, and enzymes

31. Chloroplasts
Found only in producers (organisms containing chlorophyll)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (photosynthesis)
Energy from sun converted into the chemical form of energy as carbohydrates

32. Chloroplasts