1. The Human Body: An Orientation

2. The Human Body—An Orientation
Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology
Study of how the body and its parts work or function

3. Anatomy or Physiology? 1. The human heart has four chambers
2. The human heart pumps blood carrying oxygen and other essential nutrients all over the body to help us survive.
3. One of the functions of the liver and kidneys work to filter out unneeded and harmful substances from our body.
4. Osteoblasts are one of the types of cells found in human bone.
5. Osteoclasts are another type of cell in bone that function by breaking down bone.

4. Anatomy—Levels of Study
Gross anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable
Figure 14.1

5. Anatomy—Levels of Study
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small structures
Can only be viewed with a microscope
Figure 14.4c–d

6. Microscopic and Gross Anatomy?
1. Muscle cells in a slide underneath a microscope
2. The stomach
3. Ossicles, the tiny bones found in the ear, visible with the naked eye
4. The liver
5. Hepatic liver cells, small cells in your liver not visible to the naked eye
6. A neuron, a brain cell

7. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
Cardio- vascular system
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1

8. Levels of Structural Organization
Molecules
Atoms
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 1

9. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 2

10. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 3

11. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 4

12. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
Cardio- vascular system
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 5

13. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
Cardio- vascular system
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Figure 1.1, step 6

14. Which level of organization?
1. The stomach
2. Mr. Ward
3. One of Mr. Dalton’s skin cells
4. The lymphatic system
5. The brain
6. A group of muscle cells
7. Some sodium molecules in the brain
8. DNA
9. A wombat

16. Create a levels of organization poster!
Mr. Ward will assign partners
You will be working in a partnership to create a poster that will include the following:
1. The 6 levels of organization, represented beautifully by your artistic work
2. Each level of organization must include a picture, as well as 2-3 sentences describing why your picture is an example of that level of organization
3. Be creative! I want to hang these up around the room, be proud of this work.
4. There will be a quiz that requires knowledge of the levels of organization at the end of the week, so make sure you are getting this!