1. Ecological Succession
Ecosystems are constantly changing.
___________ ____________ is a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a __________________.
Each new community that arises often makes it ________________ for the previous community to _______________.

2. Primary succession
___________ _____________ is a type of succession that occurs on a surface where no ________________ existed before.
Primary succession can occur on ____________, cliffs, or _____________.

3. Pioneer Species
A __________ ____________ is a species that colonizes an _________________ area and that starts an ecological cycle
Over time, a pioneer species will make the _________ area ________________ for other species.

4. Pioneer Species

5. Secondary succession
__________ __________ occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously ______________.
Process: ______________ replaces another _________________ that has been partially or totally ______________.

6. Secondary succession
Occurs: in __________ that have been disturbed or disrupted by ______, ______.

7. _______ _________ such as storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

9. Climax Community A _______________is the final, stable community
Even though a climax community may ____________________,
It will remain the _________________ if it is not disturbed.

11. Old-field succession
______________________ is a type of secondary succession that occurs when farmland is abandoned.
When a farmer stops cultivating a field, ___________ and ___________ quickly grow and cover the abandoned ___________.
Over time, taller _____________, such as _____________ grasses, shrubs, and _______________ take over the area.

12. Old-field succession

13. Succession video