1. Childbearing in Canada Today

2. Changing Social System
The Canadian social system has undergone significant social changes in the past 50 years
-changes in social norms regarding conception, sex roles and equality of women – decline in fertility rates
Falling marriage rates, rates of cohabitation increased

3. -Divorce rates are stable, but high
-people are postponing getting married and having babies
Wide use of contraception has made ‘planning’ of when to have, or, not to have children more widely accepted

4. The New Attitudes? Couples can now choose when and if to have children
Children no longer valued economically, but rather for the emotional fulfillment of the parents
Children have become the ‘completion’ of the married couples’ relationship

5. Social Exchange Theory Explanation
Couples are looking to receive something back from their children in exchange for the time, money and energy they put into raising them
Parents are looking for emotional fulfillment and love from the child in exchange for the caregiving they provide

6. Women and the Workforce
Women and the workforce – women are continuing to work after marriage and even after having children
some as an economic necessity, others because of their desire to pursue their careers as well

7. Advances in Medical Science
A major shift is that of sterilization of one of the individuals after the desired number of children have been reached
Contraception – parents can control and time the spacing of children, if desired
Contraception has also lead to a reduction in the number of unwanted pregnancies

8. 4. Advances in Reproductive Technology - many alternatives for couples who can not have their own ‘biological’ children – artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy etc
5. Better Prenatal care – babies are being born healthier (see chart on pg. 278). Canada’s infant mortality rate is declining
6. Genetic testing

9. Divorce
Because of society’s increasing distrust of marriage, and the fear of divorce, couples are carefully considering the addition of children
Many couples do not have the good ‘role models’ of their own families

10. Lack of Support for Parents
Is society in general supportive of children and families?
According to Benjamin and Rachel Schlesinger – society should do more to support parents – does Canadian society really value children, if their parents are not supported more financially?

11. Biblical Mandate
Bible states that God created humans in His image, male and female, and told them to “increase and multiply”, to fill and subdue the earth.”
The Bible also recognizes our sexual desires and need to have children – is it more than ‘instinct ’, such as the ‘evolutionary’ point of view suggests?
Is there a created ‘order’ of the timing of when these things should happen?

12. Homework
Page 300 #1,3 and 5