1. Bell Work Create a visual symbol (flag) to represent your country
You can include anything important and relevant to your values
Religion
Language
Culture
History
Etc…

2. Austria

3. Botswana

4. Nationalism
Ch 24

5. Haiti Haiti was founded as a French sugar colony
During the French Revolution 100,000 African slaves revolted in Haiti led by Toussaint L’Ouverture

6. Toussaint was temporarily successful but newly arrived French troops removed him from power
His lieutenant Dessalines continued the fight and on January 1, 1804 Haiti declared its independence
Crash Course Video

7. Latin American Revolutions
Class was all important in Latin American colonial society
Peninsulares
Peoples born in Europe
Creoles
Spaniards born in Latin America
Mulattos
Peoples of mixed ancestry
Native Indians
At the bottom of society

8. When Ferdinand VII of Spain was replaced by Napoleon’s brother Joseph many Creoles in Latin America revolted
They were well educated and supported enlightenment ideas
Simon Bolivar, a Venezuelan revolutionist was responsible for defeating the Spanish and helping liberate Gran Colombia
Spain had been weakened by the Napoleonic wars limiting their its to fight back

9. Mexico
Independence movements in Spain emerged in under Miguel Hidalgo and were followed by Jose Maria Morelos
Hidalgo and Morelos were defeated by the Spanish army
They lacked support by the Creoles
Creoles were loyal to the Spanish crown
After a liberal took over Spain in 1821 Creoles turned against Spain and called for independance
In 1821 Mexico declared independence
Crash course (Latin American Revolutions)

11. Revolution in Europe
Many European nations faced revolution between and 1848
Conservative – Argued for protecting monarchies
Liberal – Argued for more power for landowners and the educated
Radicals – Argued to extend democracy to all people

12. Role Play Team up with a partner
You will be assigned as liberals, conservatives, or radicals
Choose one of the revolutions in this chapter (Haiti, Mexico, Gran Colombia, Brazil, etc…)
State your position in the revolution in your country
Tell what has happened and why
Reflect your point of view
Give reasons for your point of view
Suggest a solution
Remember: You are writing this from your point of view (not objectively)

13. Bell Work
Nationalism: loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially : a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups
What are some of the positive and negative aspects of nationalism?

14. Europe (1815)

15. Nationalism
The belief that a people’s loyalty should not be to a king or government but to a nation of people with a common culture and history
Culture
History
Language
Religion
Territory
Nationality

16. Nationalism encouraged peoples to unify and develop new nation-states
Greece (1830)
Belgium (1830)
Serbia (1830)
Italy (1861)
Romania (1862)
Hungary (1867/1920)
Germany (1871)
Bulgaria (1878)
Finland (1917)
Poland (1920)
Ireland (1921)
Dates of Independence
Nationalism encouraged peoples to unify and develop new nation-states

17. Types of Nationalist Movements
Unification – Merger of politically divided but culturally similar lands
Separation – Culturally distinct group breaks away from dominant cultural group
State-Building – Culturally distinct group forms new state accepting a single culture
Crash Course - Nationalism

18. Unification of Italy
After the Congress of Vienna Italy was reverted back to its previous grouping of independent states (1815)
Ideas from the French Revolution encouraged Italian Nationalism
Austria opposed Italian unification

21. Unification was attempted by the Kingdom of Sardinia who allied with France to fight Austria
Under Victor Emanuel II they managed to unite most of Northern Italy

22. Giuseppe Garibaldi led a popular army of men in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies and captured most of southern Italy
Around 1860 most Italian cities voted to be annexed by the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Garibaldi met with Victor Emanuel II and agreed to unite North and South Italy

23. Unification of Germany
Germany was still a collection of independent states in 1800
Prussia was the most powerful of these

24. Major Factors of Unification
German Nationalism – German speaking peoples wanted to unite
Powerful army – Helped to unite German states under Prussia

25. Bismarck
Bismarck was a conservative leader of Prussia who wanted to unite Germans
Bismarck was appointed by Wilhelm I and ruled without a parliament – He would rule by “Blood and Iron”
Bismarck practiced Realpolitik: “The politics of reality”
His goal was to unify the German people as one nation

26. He fought 3 wars to accomplish unification
The Danish War: Prussia and Austria declared war on Denmark for territory and disagreed over who would take the land
The Seven Weeks War: The Prussians got Austria to attack them and were able to defeat the Austrian army in 7 weeks using new technology and strategy
Franco Prussian War: The French declared war on Prussia after a diplomatic insult engineered by Bismarck. The southern German states joined Prussia and they soundly defeated the French
Germany was unified in 1871 under Kaiser Wilhelm I

27. Balance of Power By 1871 the balance of power had been destabilized
Germany and Great Britain had strengthened
France had stayed the same
Austria and Russia had fallen behind

28. The Arts Romanticism Romantic literature began to spread
People in Europe began to have a new interest in nature and thoughts and feelings
Romantic literature began to spread
Grimm's fairy tales
Frankenstein

29. Music
Romanticism impacted music by making it more expressive and less formal
Ludwig Van Beethoven was a brilliant musician and composer
He blended romantic ideals into his compositions
Other composers such as Frederic Chopin and Richard Wagner also advanced music and opera

30. Shift to Realism
By the mid 1800s the arts began to show how life truly was and became less romantic
Photography was invented and allowed realistic images to be mass produced for newspapers and books