1. Stuart Dynasty
Revolution in
England

2. James I (James VI of Scotland) 1603 - 1625
Son of Mary Queen of Scots – The one beheaded by Elizabeth I
Scottish=outsider.
Extremely Intelligent
His “Lovelies”

3. Religion Mother Catholic – Catholic Support
Raised Protestant – Protestant Support
Presbyterian Church – New church that opposed the hierarchy of the Anglican and Catholic Churches
James tries to appease both by finding middle ground
Both Churches oppose James
Catholics upset he does not convert country back to Catholicism
Presbyterians upset he forces church hierarchy

4. James I Divine Right of Kings
James believed he got his right to rule from God.
The King is not beholden to the people.

6. James I Gunpowder Plot
Catholic plan was to blow up the House of Parliament and the King
On November 5, 1605, Guy Fawkes is caught guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder beneath the House of Lords.
Fawkes and seven others are convicted of treason. Hanged; Drawn; and Quartered
Monteagle Letter: "they shall receive a terrible blow this Parliament; and yet they shall not see who hurts them".

7. Gun Powder Plot VS. James becomes a recluse
Plot leads to Anti-Catholic feelings throughout England leading England to become more Protestant.
VS.

8. King James Bible Commissioned the King James Bible
Used by the vast majority of Protestant churches today

9. Charles I 1625 - 1649 Marries Henrietta Marie of France – Catholic
Parliament refused to coronate her
Believed he had the right to rule without Parliament

10. Petition of Right- 1628 Charles waged a naval war against Spain
Parliament refused to agree to a rise in taxes
Charles is forced to sign the Petition of Right
No taxation without Parliament’s consent
No imprisonment without cause
No quartering of soldiers
No martial law in time of peace

11. The Short Parliament Short Parliament - Three Weeks
– Personal Rule
Charles rules without Parliament
Ship Tax pays for much of England's finances until a rebellion in Scotland requires Charles to pass new taxes
Short Parliament - Three Weeks
Calls Parliament to raise taxes.
Parliament wants Charles to hear complaints
Charles sends them home

12. Long Parliament - 11 years
One year later Charles called them again
Charles again dismissed Parliament when they refused to raise taxes.
This time Parliament refused to go home.
Triennial Act – Parliament must be called every three years.
Irish Rebellion
Catholic rebellion in Ireland lead to rumors that Henrietta Maria (Charles’ Wife) was conspiring to help the Irish Catholics.
Members of Parliament called for her impeachment.

13. The 5 Members
Charles attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament.
On January 4, 1642 Charles entered the House of Commons to arrest 5 members accused of coordinating the Scottish rebellion and planning to impeach the Queen.
The Speaker of the House refused to give him information.
 "May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here".
The House of Commons is beholden to the People not the King.

15. The English Civil War
Charles’ entry into the House of Commons was a serious insult to the independence of Parliament.
Parliament declared war on the throne.
The King’s forces
Cavaliers
Parliamentary forces
The Round Heads – Due to their puritan haircuts
Led by Oliver Cromwell

16. Outcome
Civil war broke out in England and lasted for 4 years (1642 – 1646)
Charles fled to Scotland but was captured and returned by the Scottish.
Charles was arrested and was made to stand trial.
Only about ½ of Parliament agreed to the trial. The rest refuse to attend.

17. The Trial
Only ½ of the members of Parliament agreed to judge the trial.
Charles refused to recognize the legality of a court that could try a king.
"I would know by what power I am called hither. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful [authority]".
Charles was found guilty of Treason.
59 to 0 with 8 members abstaining
Charles is beheaded on January 30, 1649.

19. The Commonwealth (Fake News)
Oliver Cromwell was elected head of the “Rump Parliament” (Refuses to be Crowned King)
For four years Cromwell lead expensive military campaigns against Scotland and Ireland, against Parliament’s advice.
Cromwell dissolved Parliament and declared himself Lord Protector. (England was now a Military Dictatorship under Cromwell.)
Oliver Cromwell died leaving England with no government and no way forward.
In 1661, Cromwell's body is exhumed, he is posthumously charged with treason, and beheaded.