1. Chapter 2
Strategies for promoting physical activity & the Strategies of Change Model.

2. Benefits Of
Physical
Activity

3. Different population groups
Age – (child, adolescent, adult, older age)
Socioeconomic status
Race
Geographic location 

4. Barriers to Participation in PA
Lack of time
Lack of self- motivation
Low self-efficacy
Lack of self management skills
Lack of encouragement & support
Poor coaching
Environment – safety / accessibility….

5. Strategies for promoting PA.
Individual Approaches
Population Approaches
Assessing motivational readiness to be physically active
Understanding the processes of physical behaviour change
[fig 2.1 pg 37]

6. Mediators of Behavioural Change in PA
Mediators are the mechanism through which a strategy is believed to influence participation in PA.
Eg: Jump Rope for Heart – students learn about the health benefits of skipping and do different skipping tasks with the whole class. This can lead to increased participation in this PA.

7. Individual approaches to PA promotion
                                        

8. The Stages of Change Model
The 6 stages of change are:
Precontemplation - No intention of considering changing their behaviour. Not aware inactivity is a problem.
Contemplation - Acknowledging that they need be more active, but not yet ready to make a change.
Preparation - Seriously getting ready to change, irregular exercise started. May determine goals.

9. The Stages of Change Model
4. Action - Starts an exercise program for less than 6 months that usually adheres to recommended amounts of PA.
5. Maintenance – Regularly meeting PA guidelines for at least 6 months.
Termination – Active for over 5 years and very unlikely to change that behaviour.

10. Relapse You can relapse (move back stages) by reducing or stopping PA.
Occurs mostly b/w stages 2 and 4.
If stage 5 is achieved a person will rarely relapse further than stage 3 again.

11. Counselling Print & Web Based Media
Print materials include: booklets, brochures & handouts – provided by rec. centres, GP’s, rehab centres, hospitals & chemists.
Web based are sites on the internet – although are generally NOT effective as long term influences on PA.
Advice given by a health professional either:
One on one
Telephone
Automated telephone advice.
Different strategies used (see slide 10)

12. Strategies used in counselling
Assessing motivational readiness
Matching processes of change with motivational readiness.
Identifying opportunities to be active
Contracting
Enlisting social support
Reminder systems
Gradual programming
Tailoring

13. Population-based approaches to PA promotion

14. Population-based approaches
Environmental strategies
Policy development
Mass media

15. Environmental Strategies
Tailor strategies to specific settings. Eg: country & city schools – different settings.
Introduce new resources and facilities.
Support with educational programs.
Environmental and policy targets for PA interventions. (see table 2.6 pg 51)

16. Policy Development
Policy can be Legislation or Organisational policies.
Legislation – formal policies often governed by law. Eg: wearing a bicycle helmet.
Organisational Policies – policies that are designed for specific oraganisations. Eg: sunsmart in schools.

17. Mass Media Promotion of PA to individuals through:
TV, Radio, Billboards, Print Media, Commercials and the Internet.
Eg; “Go for your life” campaign.
**Mass media campaigns are important - but wont significantly impact on an individuals behaviour on their own.

18. Interventions for “at-risk” groups
At risk groups include: disabled, low-income, racial & ethnic groups.
Every population is unique – so it is important to develop different interventions in order to be successful.