1. Islam in South Asia

2. Introduction Foreigners had long been entering India
Many converted to Hindu religion, found a place in the caste system, adopted the dress, and food
When Muslims invaded in the late 7th century, for the first time, Indians had encountered a civilization and culture as sophisticated and ancient as their own

3. The First Political Divisions
In 711, Muslims came in contact with Indian Civilization
Muslim traders visited the ports of India
An area in India – Sind – came under fire
Pirates sailing from Sind on ships owned by Arabs attacked another Arab fleet
The Umayyad’s then invaded Sind and took control
All of this was done under the leadership of Muhammad ibn Qasim

4. Indian Influence on Arabs
Islamic civilization was enriched by this new culture
Arab thinkers began to use Indian numerals which were then passed on to Europeans and given the name “Arabic Numerals”
Arabs studied Indian work on medicine and music
Alchemy, palmistry, musical instruments, and even the game of chess were imported to the Muslim world

5. Soon, Muslims were imitating Indian dress, hairstyles, foods, riding of elephants, building styles, and art

6. The 2nd Invasions… Little territory was added after Qasim
Then in 962, Turkish military force from Afghanistan took control of Northern India
Their ruler – Mahmud of Ghazni – led a series of expeditions that included Muslim raiding of Indian regions
This raid was followed by Muhammad of Ghur – he solidified control in the North

7. After his assassination, Qutb-ud-din Aibak seized power
The new capital of the Muslim Empire in India would be in Delhi – it was located in the center of India
The Arab leaders then called themselves: “sultans of Delhi”