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Cellular Respiration Chemical Pathways
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Food = chemical energy calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius Calorie = kilocalorie = 1000 calories is what you see on food labels Gradual process to release energy from food molecules begins with… Glycolysis
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Overview Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound)
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Glycolysis, again Glycolysis will not begin without the input of energy (ATP) It can only be completed in the presence of the high energy electron carrier NAD+ In the end it makes two more ATP than were “spent”
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Fermentation To get the most energy from food, cells use oxygen
IF no oxygen is present, cells continue generating energy through an anaerobic pathway (without O2) known as fermentation The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
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Fermentation (more) Yeasts and some microorganisms produce carbon dioxide and ethanol as a waste product of fermentation YOUR cells and the cells of animals produce lactic acid as a waste product of fermentation Fermentation makes no ATP but regenerates NAD+ which can be used in glycolysis
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