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Published byPhilippa Rodgers Modified over 5 years ago
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Physical Properties A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be measured or observed without changing the composition of the material.
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Viscosity Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing.
High viscosity means a liquid moves slowly. Temperature affects viscosity. As temperature increases, viscosity decreases.
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Conductivity Conductivity is the ability of a material to let energy pass through it. High conductivity means that the material allows energy to pass through it easily.
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Malleability Malleability describes the ability of a material to be hammered without breaking. High malleability means that the material will not break when hammered.
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Melting and Boiling Points
Pure substances have a set temperature that they melt at and boil at. The melting and boiling points of materials can be used to purify materials.
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Density Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance. Pure materials have a set density. Water has a density of 1.0 g/mL.
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Uses of Physical Properties
Physical properties can be used to separate mixtures. Two ways to separate mixtures are filtration and distillation.
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Filtration Filtration is a process that separates mixtures based on the size of particles. A filter with holes of a certain size is used. As the mixture passes through the holes, particles larger than the holes in the filter are stuck while smaller particles pass through.
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Distillation Distillation is a process that separates parts of a solution based on the boiling points of the chemicals in the solution.
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Physical Changes Physical Changes affect the physical properties of a substance. The chemical is the same before and after the change Key Verbs: Distill Break Boil Melt Heat
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Chemical Property A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
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Flammability / Combustion
These are the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen. High flammability means the material will burn easily in the presence of oxygen.
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Reactivity Reactivity describes how easily a substance combines chemically with other substances. A highly reactive substance reacts easily with other substances.
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Chemical Properties/Change
Chemical properties describe how chemicals interact with each other A new chemical is formed
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Clues for Chemical Changes
Key clues: Change in color Production of a gas (bubbles form) Be careful; boiling is a physical change. Formation of a gas Burning
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