1. The Rock Cycle

2. Properties of Rocks
Physical and chemical properties are determined by HOW and WHERE the rock was formed.

3. Properties continued
Physical characteristics reflect the chemical composition of the rock as a whole or of the minerals that make up the rock

4. Properties continued
The rate at which rock weathers and breaks apart is determined by the chemical stability of the minerals in the rock.

5. Bowen’s Reaction Series
As magma cools certain minerals crystallize first.
As minerals form, specific elements are removed from the magma. (changing the composition of the magma)
This change allows different minerals with different composition to form.

6. Bowen’s Reaction Series

7. Chemical Stability of Minerals
Chemical stability- measure of the tendency of a chemical compound to maintain its original chemical composition rather than break down to form a different chemical.
Stable minerals form at the lowest temperatures (conditions similar to surface)
Unstable minerals form at the highest temperatures. ( conditions different than on Earth’s surface)

8. Physical Stability of Rocks
Rocks have natural “zones of weaknesses” determined by how and where they form.
Sedimentary rocks- form in layers, tend to break between the layers
Metamorphic rock tend to break in layers that from from mineral alignment
Massive igneous rock structures have joints which cause the rock to break into columns.