1. Hard Times and WWII

2. Business Cycle

3. Stock Market Crash of 1929
People and banks were buying stocks on credit
Investors got worried and started selling their stocks
Black Tuesday – Total loss of $30 billion
Equivalent of all the wages earned by Americans for a year

4. Ripple Effect of the Crash
Businesses cannot repay loans to banks
Panic – people began making withdrawals from banks (Run on the Bank)
Banks had to recall loans – people and businesses cannot repay the loans
Banks close
Savings Accounts wiped out
Businesses could not borrow – cut production
Cut the working force – rising unemployment

6. Causes of the Depression
Unstable Economy
Wealth unevenly distributed
Overproduction
Farmers were left out in profit gains
Over-speculation
Buying stocks by borrowing
Government Policies
President Hoover believed the economy would fix itself

7. Unemployment
Unemployment reached over 25%

8. What do you do? Your savings is gone You lose your job
You cannot pay the bills (utilities, rent, mortgage)
Eviction or foreclosure
Kicked out of your home
What now? What do you do?

9. How bad was it?
Breadlines and Soup Kitchens – Americans began relying on these to eat
Hoovervilles – Housing developments made out of scrap lumber, metal and cardboard
Largest one in the country was located in Seattle

11. Dust Bowl Caused by drought, over-farming and strong winds
Much of the farmland lost their topsoil
Columbia Basin

12. A New Migration
Many people headed to the Northwest because of the dustbowl.
Known as Okies

13. New Deal
President Franklin D. Roosevelt pledged a New Deal to the American people
Used federal money to stimulate the economy

14. Civilian Conservation Corps – Put young men to work
Soil conversation, fish hatcheries, planting trees
Works Progress Administration – Put professionals to work
Musicians, writers, historians and artists
Public Works Administration – Small construction jobs
Built highways, bridges, schools, libraries, parks

15. End of the Depression By 1939 things started to get better
The New Deal helped but did not get the U.S. out of the Depression
WWII officially got the U.S. out of the Great Depression

16. Trouble in Europe Nazi Party – Goal of restoring pride back to Germany
Used the swastika as their symbol
Adolf Hitler became the leader of the party
Sought to conquer Europe
Believed that Germans were a superior race
Blamed Jewish people for the tough economic times and losing WWI

17. Start of WWII 1939 – Invades and Conquers Poland
Great Britain and France hope that war can be avoided
1940 – Invades and conquers France
1940 – Attacks Great Britain
Invades Russia

19. The Holocaust Hitler sought to create a superior race
Wanted to cleanse (kill) what he called inferior races
Especially Jewish people
Sent to concentration and extermination camps
Gas Chambers
6 million Jews were killed
11 million total (Gypsies, POW, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses)

21. Pyramid of Hate

22. Goal of the United States
Stay out of the European War!!
Sent ships and supplies to help the Allies against Hitler

23. Japan wanted an empire…more land!!

24. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks the U.S.
Wanted supremacy of the Pacific Ocean region
2,300 Americans killed
“A date which will live in infamy”
FDR
United States immediately declares war on Japan
Germany was an ally of Japan and declares war on the

25. Photograph from a Japanese Plane. Shows battleship row.

26. Relocation of Japanese Americans
Pearl Harbor created a fear of a Japanese invasion
Fear that Japanese Americans might be spies
Executive Order 9066
Japanese Americans on the West Coast were to be relocated
Relocated into internment (concentration) camps

28. Economic Boom of WWII Immediately ended the Great Depression
Northwest became a center for shipment to the Pacific region
Aluminum plants (Spokane, Longview, Tacoma)
Shipbuilding (Portland, Vancouver)
Boeing – Producing planes for the war

29. Sacrifices during WWII
Rationing – Limited the amount of goods you could buy
Gas, Nylon, Sugar, Coffee, Clothing
Recycling goods that could be used for the war
Victory Gardens
Buying War Bonds

30. Hanford and the Atom Bomb
Manhattan Project – Develop the atomic bomb
Hanford was chosen as a location for one of the research facilities
Assisted in creating the atomic bomb
Do we use the atomic bomb?
Pros?
Cons?

32. End of WWII Hitler eventually committed suicide
Germany later surrendered May 8th 1945
Japan surrendered shortly after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
September 2nd 1945