1. Unit 7 Quiz: Review questions

2. Can you explain your answer?
Use your fingers to indicate your answer: 1=A, 2=B, 3=C, 4=D.
After viewing the question, show me your answer in 15 seconds.
Next, turn to your neighbor and you have one minute to convince him/her that you are right.

3. Which of the following statement about random sampling is true?
Randomness as equal chance works well in a close system.
Randomness as equal chance works well in the empirical world.
Randomness as equal chance works well in both the theoretical and empirical worlds.

4. Assume that there exists hidden bias in the real world
Assume that there exists hidden bias in the real world. Which of the following is a better definition of random sampling?
A selection process in which every member in the set has an equal chance to be selected.
A selection process in which every member in the set has an independent chance to be selected.
A selection process in which every member in the set has a systematic chance to be selected.

5. Which random process(es) may have a hidden bias?
In an event the host randomly throws a gift to the audience.
In a study the researcher offers incentives to randomly selected participants.
An artist randomly put some pigments on a piece of paper.
All of the above

6. In a raffle I randomly select three winners out of 40 participants
In a raffle I randomly select three winners out of 40 participants. What is the probability of winning for the third winner, assuming sampling without replacement?
1/40
1/39
1/38

7. The researcher will randomly select 100 students from APU in the academic year What is the formula of computing the probability of being sampled?
Sample size/target population size
Sample size/accessible population size
Impossible to get one single answer

8. Which of the following statement is true?
The target population includes the past and present population only.
The target population includes the present population only.
The target population includes the past, present, and future populations.

9. The acceptance rate of MIT is 6. 9%
The acceptance rate of MIT is 6.9%. When Tom tried to apply for MIT, his parents told him, “Don’t bother. Your chance is very slim.” His parents are using _____
Probablistic reasoning
Direct evidence
Bayesian statistics

10. The acceptance rate of MIT is 6. 9%
The acceptance rate of MIT is 6.9%. When Tom tried to apply for MIT, his parents told him, “You will make it! Your ranking at your high school is among the top 1%. Your SAT is 1600.” His parents are using _____
Probabilistic reasoning
Conditional probability or direct evidence
Addition rule

11. The acceptance rate of MIT is 6. 9%
The acceptance rate of MIT is 6.9%. When Tom tried to apply for MIT, his parents told him, “Your ranking at your high school is average. Your SAT is 1400 only. Your chance is slim because last year all applicants like you were rejected.” Tom said, “I will make it! I am better than them!” Tom might committee the ________
Ecological fallacy
Confirmation bias
Above-average fallacy

12. A six-sided fair die is rolled
A six-sided fair die is rolled. I want to find the probability of getting an odd number or a prime number. Which rule should be used?
Addition rule
Multiplication rule
Either one

13. A lucky person won the raffle three years in a row
A lucky person won the raffle three years in a row. Assume that there was no cheating and the results are fair. If I want to find out the probability, which rule should be used?
Addition rule
Multiplication rule
Either one