1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
1.2: Chemistry & Matter
1.3: Scientific Methods
1.4: Scientific Research

2. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
1.2: Chemistry & Matter

3. Composition, Structure, and Behavior
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Composition, Structure, and Behavior
Chemistry is the science of structure and properties of matter.
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass.
All the stuff around you!
Structure of matter:
its composition (what it is made of)
how it is organized.

4. Composition, Structure, and Behavior
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Composition, Structure, and Behavior
Mass: the amount of matter that an object contains.
Weight: the amount of matter under a gravitational pull, (not the same everywhere).

5. Macroscopic view: matter that is large enough to be seen
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Views of Matter
sucrose and aspirin contain of C, H, and O atoms, but they have different behaviors and functions.
Macroscopic view: matter that is large enough to be seen
Submicroscopic view: a glimpse into the world of atoms.

6. Using Models in Chemistry
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Using Models in Chemistry
Scientific model: a thinking device that helps to understand and explain macroscopic observations.
built on experimentation.

7. Classification by Composition
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Classification by Composition
By composition: the broadest type of classification.
A qualitative observation: one that can be made without measurement.
When you examine an unknown piece of stuff, you first ask, “What is it made of?”
A quantitative observation: uses measurement.
The next question that you might ask is how much of each of the elements is present.

8. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
1.3: Scientific Methods

9. It is an organized way for scientists to… do research
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Method of Science
A scientific method: a systematic approach to answer a question or study a situation.
It is an organized way for scientists to…
do research
verify the work of other scientists.

10. A typical scientific method includes: 1.) making observations,
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A typical scientific method includes:
1.) making observations,
Qualitative data:
color, odor, shape
some other physical characteristic that relates to the five senses.
Quantitative data: numerical data

11. A typical scientific method includes:
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A typical scientific method includes:
2.) forming a hypothesis,
Hypothesis: a possible explanation for what has been observed.
3.) Researching what has already been discovered.

12. A typical scientific method includes:
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A typical scientific method includes:
4.) performing an experiment,
Experiment: a set of controlled observations that test a hypothesis.

13. 4. Performing an experiment
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
4. Performing an experiment
Independent variable: The variable that is changed in an experiment
Dependent variable: The variable that you watch to see how it changes because of your changes to the independent variable
Control: a standard for comparison.

14. Additional Assessment Questions
Practice questions
Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in the following experiments.
1) A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve in water at three different temperatures.
independent variable:
dependent variable:

15. Additional Assessment Questions
Practice questions
Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in the following experiments.
2) A farmer compares how his crops grow with and without phosphorous fertilizers.
independent variable:
dependent variable:

16. A typical scientific method includes:
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A typical scientific method includes:
5.) Analyzing Data
6.) arriving at a conclusion.
Conclusion: a judgment based on the data obtained
If data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis is tentatively affirmed.
Hypotheses are never proven; they are always subject to additional research.

17. A typical scientific method includes: 1.) Observations
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A typical scientific method includes:
1.) Observations
2.) Hypothesis
3.) Research - info
4.) Experiment
5.) Analyzing Data
6.) Conclusion

18. Help these students put the scientific in the proper order:
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
Help these students put the scientific in the proper order:

19. Model: visual, verbal, and/or mathematical explanation of data
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
Model: visual, verbal, and/or mathematical explanation of data
Created over time from many experiments
Theory: an explanation of principles that has been supported by many experiments.
Always subject to new experimental data
Modified to include new data.

20. A scientific law describes a relationship in nature
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Methods
A scientific law describes a relationship in nature
supported by many experiments
no exception has been found
usually in the form of a mathematical equation
It is a pattern or trend, NO EXPLANATION.

21. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
1.4: Scientific Research

22. Applied research: undertaken to solve a specific problem.
Chemistry and Matter: Additional Concepts
Scientific Research
Pure research: done to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself.
Applied research: undertaken to solve a specific problem.

23. Practice questions Classify each kind of research as pure or applied:
Additional Assessment Questions
Practice questions
Classify each kind of research as pure or applied:
1) A scientist studies plants in a rain forest in search of chemicals that might be used to treat AIDS.
2) A researcher studies the effects of hormones on the brain of a worm.
3) A researcher tries to develop cleaner burning fuels to help reduce air pollution.

24. End of ch 1