1. Nepal
Last updated: August 2018

2. CONTENT Basic Socio-demographic Indicators
HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
HIV expenditure
National response

3. BASIC SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
Total population (in thousands)
28,514 (2015) 1
Population aged (thousands)
14,720 (2015) 1
Maternal mortality ratio (per live births)
258 (2015) 5
Percentage of population in urban areas
19 (2015) 2
Antenatal care coverage - At least one visit (%)
68.3 (2014) 7
Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 population)
20.5 (2014) 2
Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
36 (2015) 2
Human development index (HDI) - Rank/Value
145/0.548 (2014) 4
Life expectancy at birth (years) - Male/Female
68/71 (2015) 5
Adult literacy rate (%)
60 (2011) 2
Ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and
private school (%)
1.08 (2014) 2
GDP per capita (PPP, current international $)
2,458 (2015) 2
Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
118 (2012) 3
Sources: Prepared by based on 1. UN Population Division. (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision - Extended Dataset; 2. World Bank. World Data Bank: World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance. Retrieved July 2016, from 3. WHO. (2015). World Health Statistics 2015; 4. Palanivel, T., Mirza, T., Tiwari, B. N., Standley, S., & Nigam, A. (2016). Asia-Pacific Human Development Report - Shaping the Future: How Changing Demographics Can Power Human Development; 5. WHO. (2016). World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs; 6. World Bank Group. (2016). World Development Indicators 2016 and 7. UNSD. Millennium Development Goals Database - Antenatal Care Coverage Retrieved May 2016, from

4. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

5. Estimated number of people living with HIV, new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths, 1990-2017
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates

6. Estimated number of adults (15+) living with HIV and women (15+) living with HIV, 1990-2017
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates

7. Key population size estimates, 2016
Year of estimate
People who inject drugs (PWID)
Male PWID
Female PWID
30 868
27 567
3301
2016
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
60333
Female sex workers (FSW)
49 013
Male sex workers (MSW)
18 287
Transgender people (TG)
21 460
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

8. HIV prevalence among key populations, 2016-2017
PEOPLE WHO
INJECT DRUGS (2017)
MEN WHO HAVE SEX
WITH MEN (2017)
TRANSGENDER PEOPLE
(2017)
FEMALE
SEX WORKERS ( )
Source: Prepared by based on Serological surveys and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

9. HIV prevalence among key populations by survey area, and by latest available year
* HIV prevalence among FSW in Pokhara is for 2011; ** Surveyed MSM includes MSW and non-MSW
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

10. HIV prevalence among key populations, Kathmandu valley, 2002-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

11. Trends of HIV prevalence among female sex workers by region, 1999-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

12. Trends of HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Kathmandu and Pokhara Valley, 2004 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

13. Trends of HIV prevalence among female sex workers and truckers in 22 Highway Districts, 2003-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1. UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2010; and Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey among FSWs and their Clients, 22 Highway Districts,

14. Trends of HIV prevalence among MSM in Kathmandu valley, 2004-2015
NOTE: Surveyed MSM were further classified into male sex workers (MSW) and non-MSW
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015.

15. Trends of HIV prevalence among PWID by region, 2002-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

16. HIV prevalence among male labor migrants, 2006-2015
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Male Labour Migrants in Western and Mid to Far Western Region of Nepal Round V –2015.

17. HIV prevalence among migrants and wives of migrants, 2010
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Success Search Option Pvt. Ltd Nepal, Intrepid Nepal, & Save the Children Nepal. (2010). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among Male Labor Migrants: Round 3 - Mid and Far-Western Regions of Nepal; and 2. New ERA, Intrepid Nepal, & FHI. (2010). IBBS Survey among Wives of Migrants in Four Districts of Far-Western Nepal: Round II 2010.

18. Active syphilis prevalence among FSW in Kathmandu and Pokhara Valley, 2004 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

19. Trends of HIV and STIs prevalence among female sex workers, 22 Highway Districts, 2003-2012
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Factsheet 4: Management of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), as of Asar 2072 (July 2015), Teku, Kathmandu.

20. STI prevalence among MSM, Kathmandu valley, 2004-2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1) National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; and 2) National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015.

21. Trend of active syphilis prevalence among MSM, Kathmandu valley, 2004-2015
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015: Factsheet.

22. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C prevalence among PWID by survey area, 2015
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People who inject drugs . Factsheets for Kathmandu Valley, Eastern Terai and Pokhara

23. Reported HIV infections by risk group , 2004 – 2015
NOTE: Others category includes children, male partners, prison inmates and unidentified risk groups
Source: Prepared by based on National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). HIV Factsheet 2015 Dec. accessed at on 28th July 2016

24. Reported HV cases by sub-population, 2015
PLHIV know their status
22,267
Source: Prepared by based on Nepal National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). NCASC_Infographics_2016_Final_Optimized for Web. accessed at on 28th July 2016

25. Risk behaviours

26. Proportion of key populations who reported condom use at last sex, 2004-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting and

27. Proportion of female sex workers who reported condom use with their most recent client, 2003 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys among Female Sex Workers in Nepal’s 22 Terai Highway Districts, Pokhara Valley and Kathmandu,

28. Proportion of female sex workers who reported consistent condom use in the last 12 months by type of partner, Kathmandu,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

29. Proportion of female sex workers who reported consistent condom use in the last 12 months by type of partner, Pokhara Valley,
Source: Prepared by based on National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal, New ERA & Intrepid Nepal (2011), Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance among Female Sex Workers (Fact Sheet), Kathmandu and Pokhara Valleys, round IV, 2011

30. Proportion of female sex workers who reported consistent condom use in the last 12 months by type of partner, 22 Terai Highway Districts,
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among Female Sex Workers in 22 Terai Highway Districts of Nepal 2012; and 2. Family Health International (FHI). (2009). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBS) among Female Sex Workers in 22 Terai Highway Districts of Nepal.

31. Proportion of female sex workers who reported condom use at last sex and consistent condom use in the last 12 months by partner type,
Source: Prepared by based on 1) National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) Nepal and ASHA Project (2011), Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Female Sex Workers in Pokhara Valley, Nepal, round IV-2011; 2) Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among Female Sex Workers in 22 Terai Highway Districts of Nepal 2012; and 3) National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015.

32. Proportion of female sex workers who were forced to have sex and physically assaulted in the last 12 months,
Source: Prepared by based on 1) National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal, New ERA & Intrepid Nepal (2011), Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance among Female Sex Workers (Fact Sheet), Pokhara Valleys, round IV, 2011; 2) Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among Female Sex Workers in 22 Terai Highway Districts of Nepal 2012; and 3) National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015.

33. Proportion of surveyed FSW younger than 20 years of age, 2004-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

34. Average duration of sex work among FSW, 2012-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) surveys among Female Sex Workers

35. Proportion of MSM reported condom use at last anal sex with paid male partner, Kathmandu valley,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

36. Proportion of MSM who reported consistent condom use in the last month by partner type, Kathmandu valley,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

37. Proportion of surveyed MSM younger than 25 years and MSM who were married, Kathmandu Valley,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

38. Proportion of male PWID who reported using sterile injecting equipment at last injection, 2003-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

39. Proportion of male PWID who reported sharing injecting equipment in the last week, 2002-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

40. Proportion of male PWID who reported use of previously used needles and syringes in the last week,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

41. Proportion of male PWID who reported sex with FSW in the last 12 months, 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey s

42. Proportion of male PWID who reported condom use at last sex with female sex workers, 2002-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys.

43. Proportion of male PWID who reported consistent condom use with female sex workers in the last 12 months,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) surveys

44. Proportion of male PWID who reported consistent condom use in the last year by partner type, Kathmandu Valley,
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs) in the Kathmandu Valley Round VI –2015: Factsheet.

45. Proportion of male PWID who reported consistent condom use in the last year by partner type, Pokhara Valley,
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs) in the Pokhara Valley Round VI –2015: Factsheet.

46. Proportion of male PWID who reported consistent condom use in the last year by partner type, Eastern Terai,
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People Who Inject Drugs in the Eastern Terai of Nepal Round VI –2015: Factsheet.

47. Proportion of male PWID who reported consistent condom use in the last year by partner type, Western to Far-Western Terai,
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey among IDUs, Western to Far-Western Terai, Round I to Round III,

48. Average number of years of injecting drugs use among male PWID, 2002 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Surveys among People who inject drugs in Pokhara, Kathmandu Valley and Eastern Terai

49. Proportion of surveyed PWID younger than 25 years of age, 2012 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People Who Inject Drugs in Eastern Terai Highway Districts of Nepal . Round V-2012; and 2) National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among People who inject drugs in Kathmandu Valley and Pokhara. Factsheets

50. Proportion of male migrant laborers who reported condom at last sex with female sex workers,
Source: Prepared by based on National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2015). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Male Labor Migrants in Western, Mid and Far Western Region, Round 5, Nepal 2015.

51. Proportion of male labor migrants who reported consistent condom use with female sex workers in the last 12 months, 2015
Source: Prepared by based on National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2015). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Male Labor Migrants in Western, Mid and Far Western Region, Round 5, Nepal 2015.

52. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

53. Proportion of female sex workers with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2006 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

54. Proportion of PWID with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2007- 2015
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

55. Proportion of MSM with comprehensive HIV knowledge, Kathmandu Valley, 2007 - 2015
Source: Prepared by based on National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) in Kathmandu Valley Round V –2015: Factsheet.

56. Proportion of male migrant laborers with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2006-2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1. FHI and USAID. (2006). Integrated Bio-Behavioral Survey among Male Labor Migrants in 11 Districts in Western, Mid and Far Western Regions of Nepal 2006 , 2. USAID, Advancing Surveillance Policies Prevention Care and Support to Fight HIV/AIDS and National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal. (2008). IBBS among Male Labor Migrants in 11 Districts in Western and Mid to Far-Western Regions of Nepal. Mid to Far Western Region, ; and 3. National Center for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Male Labour Migrants in Western and Mid to Far Western Region of Nepal Round V –2015: Factsheet.

57. Proportion of adults (15-49yr) with comprehensive HIV knowledge by gender, 2006 and 2011
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Population Division, Ministry of Health and Population. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006, May 2007; and 2. Population Division Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, MEASURE DHS IFC Macro, & U.S. Agency for International Development. (2011). Nepal Demographic And Health Survey 2011, March 2012

58. Proportion of young people (15–24yr) with comprehensive HIV knowledge by region and gender, 2011
Source: Prepared by based on Population Division Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, MEASURE DHS IFC Macro, & U.S. Agency for International Development. (2011). Nepal Demographic And Health Survey 2011, March 2012

59. HIV expenditure

60. AIDS spending by financing source, 2006-2009
Source: Prepared by based on

61. AIDS spending by financing source, 2006-2009
Source: Prepared by based on

62. AIDS spending by category, 2006-2009
Source: Prepared by based on

63. Proportion of total prevention programme spending on key populations at higher risk, 2006 - 2009
Source: Prepared by based on

64. Proportion of spending on HIV prevention from domestic and international sources, 2006 - 2009
Source: Prepared by based on

65. Proportion of spending on care and treatment from domestic and international sources, 2006 - 2009
Source: Prepared by based on

66. National response

67. Proportion of key populations reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2011-2015
* MSM data is for the surveyed mixed population of MSM and TG who did/did not sell sex
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys

68. Proportion of key populations reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2007-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1. UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2008 citing IBBS for Data on MARPs; 2. UNAIDS Report on The Global AIDS Epidemic, 2010; 3. UNAIDS. (2012). Annexes - UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2012; 4. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015 ; and 5.

69. Proportion of key populations who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and knew their results,
Source: Prepared by based on 1. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal, and UNAIDS. (2008). UNGASS Country Progress Report: Nepal; 2. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal. (2010). UNGASS Country Progress Report 2010: Nepal; 3. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015; 4. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015; 5. and 6. Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2016

70. Number of Needle and Syringe Programme (NSP) and Opioid Substitution Therapy sites (OST), 2010-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015 and

71. Number of needle/syringes distributed per person who inject drugs per year, 2008-2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1. WHO, UNAIDS, & UNICEF. (2009). Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector- Progress Report 2009; 2. WHO, UNAIDS, & UNICEF. (2010). Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector - Progress Report 2010; 3. WHO, UNAIDS, & UNICEF. (2011). Global HIV/AIDS Response Epidemic Update and Health Sector Progress towards Universal Access Progress Report 2011; 4. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal. (2012). Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Report, 2012; 5. UNAIDS. (2013). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013; 6. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; and 7.

72. Number of opioid substitution therapy (OST) sites and number of people on OST, 2010-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015; and Nepal National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). NCASC_Infographics_2016_Final_Optimized for Web. accessed at on 28th July 2016

73. Number of ART sites and number of people on ART, 2000-2017
Source: Prepared by based on 1.WHO, UNAIDS, & UNICEF. ( ). Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector - Progress Report ; 2. UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 3. UNAIDS.(2012). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic; 4. UNAIDS. (2013). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013; 5. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Nepal Country Progress Report 2015; 6. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Factsheet 6: HIV care and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Services in Nepal, as of July 2015; 7. , 8. and UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates

74. ART scale up,
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

75. Treatment cascade, 2017 Estimated PLHIV PLHIV know their status
PLHIV receiving care
People on ART
Tested for viral load
Suppressed viral load*
* Number of people on ART who received a viral load test in the past year and have VL of <1000 copies/ml
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

76. HIV testing and treatment cascade, 2017
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

77. Estimated number of adults living with HIV, adults receiving ARVs, and adult ART coverage, 2017
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

78. Estimated number of pregnant women living with HIV, pregnant women receiving ARVs, and PMTCT coverage, 2017
Source: Prepared by based on UNAIDS. (2018). UNAIDS 2018 HIV Estimates and Global AIDS Monitoring 2018

79. National data on stigma and discrimination
Selected indicators of response from NCPI 2014
Access to justice:
Legal services (legal aid or other) NHRI or other mechanisms
Civil society perspectives/ratings:
2009
2011
2013
Trend
Laws and policies in place to protect and promote HIV- related human rights
4/10 
3/10 
6/10
Efforts to implement human rights-related laws and policies
4/10
STIGMA INDEX
(2011 Data)
Percent of PLHIV respondents who avoided going to a local clinic when needed because of HIV status: 11%
Source: Prepared by UNAIDS Regional Support Team Asia and the Pacific- HIV and AIDS Data Hub based on National Centre for AIDS and STD Control Nepal. Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012 to 2014

80. slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
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