1. Chapter 2: MATTER

2. The Particle model of matter

3. All substances are forms of matter Occupies space and has mass
Physical Science
2.1
p. 21
Describing Matter
All substances are forms of matter
Occupies space and has mass
Can be sensed and measured
Can exist as immense objects or subatomic particles

4. What forms of matter and nonmatter can you see in this room?
Physical science
2.1
p. 21
Figure 2-2
What forms of matter and nonmatter can you see in this room?

5. b. subdivided infinitely c. no smallest particle
Physical Science
2.2 p
The Particle Model
Two main concepts
Matter is continuous
a. Aristotle
b. subdivided infinitely
c. no smallest particle

6. 2. Matter is not continuous a. many of the Greek philosophers
Physical Science
2.2 p
The Particle Model
Two main concepts
1. Matter is continuous
2. Matter is not continuous
a. many of the Greek philosophers
b. subdividing must eventually stop at a smallest particle

7. The Debate in Ancient Times
Physical Science
2.2 pp
The Debate in Ancient Times
1600’s: Particle Theory of Matter begins to emerge
Mid-1800’s: PT generally accepted by scientists

8. Particle Theory of Matter
Physical Science
2.2 pp
Particle Theory of Matter
Diameter of typical particles measured in nanometers
Different kinds of particles
most common particle scientists refer to is the atom

9. Physical Science
2.2 pp
The Particle Model
The properties of matter that we can sense or measure are due to the way the uncountable particles work together in the substance

10. Evidence for the Particle Model
Physical Science
2.3 pp
Evidence for the Particle Model
Particle model of matters assumes
It is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules)
Particles are in constant motion

11. Brownian motion in action
Physical science
2.3 pp
Brownian motion in action
Dissolving sugar into tea
Dissolving crystal light mix into water
Potassium permanganate in water

12. Physical science
2.3 pp

13. Kinetic-molecular theory
Physical science
2.3 pp
The Particle Model
Kinetic-molecular theory
Another name scientists used Kinetic refers to motion

14. Physical science
2.3 pp

15. Contains protons, electrons, and usually neutrons
Physical Science
2.4
p. 26
The Atom
Contains protons, electrons, and usually neutrons
Center of the atom is the nucleus
Contains one or more protons and may or may not have neutrons
Electrons are orbitting the nucleus

16. Physical Science
2.4
p. 26

17. Protons – positive charge Neutrons – neutral charge
Physical scienc
2.4
p. 26
Protons – positive charge
Neutrons – neutral charge
Proton mass = neutron mass
Electrons – negative charge
Electron mass is negligible

18. All matter has mass and takes up space Nucleus determines mass
Physical science
2.3
p. 2
All matter has mass and takes up space
Nucleus determines mass
Electron cloud determines volume

19. Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Physical Science
2.5
p. 26
The Molecule
A distinct particle
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Usually neutral in their charge

20. Particles with unbalanced electrical charges
Physical Science
2.6
p. 27
Ions
Particles with unbalanced electrical charges
Formed by atoms gain or lose electrons
Form important and common forms of matter like rocks and salts

21. Question What is “mixing” due to particle motion? Diffusion Boiling
Freezing
Melting
Question

22. T/F A molecule consists of atoms chemically bonded together.
Question