2. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson: Define respiration
Be able to distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Understand the 2 stages of aerobic respiration
Understand the 1 stage of anaerobic respiration
Write chemical equations for both aerobic respiration

3. Respiration
“Respiration is the enzymatic-controlled release of energy from organic compounds in a living cell”
What’s wrong with this?

4. Aerobic respiration
The controlled release of energy from food using oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

5. Aerobic Respiration
This is a 2 stage process with different stages taking place in different locations

6. The 2 stages of aerobic respiration

7. Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is the controlled release of energy from food without the use of oxygen
Lactic acid fermentation
Glucose → 2 Lactic acid + small amount of energy
Alcohol fermentation
Glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide small amount of energy

8. The 2 types of anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

9. Lesson objectives HL By the end of this lesson:
Aerobic respiration is a 2 stage process
Understand in detail the conversion of glucose (stage 1- glycolysis) to 2 pyruvic acid molecules and a small amount of energy – anaerobic process
The complex reactions of stage 2 to yield high amounts of energy (Krebs cycle and electron transport chain) – aerobic process

10. Location of the stages of respiration

11. Equation for glycolysis – stage 1
2ADP + 2P
2 ATP + Water
GLUCOSE (C6)
2 PYRUVIC ACID (C3)
2NAD+
2NADH
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ → NADH

12. Events in stage 2

13. Events in stage 2
The production of ATP by electron transport system

14. The relationship between the electron transfer systems and stages 1 and 2 of respiration

15. Summary of aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration involves stage 1 and 2 reactions:
Stage 1 (glycolysis) is anaerobic and releases very little energy
Stage 2 includes Kreb’s Cycle reactions and the electron transport systems – these are aerobic and release a large amount of energy

16. Differences between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Location
Cytoplasm and Lumen and Cristae of mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Oxygen Requirements
Uses O2
Does not use O2
End Products
CO2 + H2O
Ethanol +CO2 or
Lactic acid
Energy Produced
Lots of energy
(38 ATP)
Little energy
(2 ATP) 16

17. Lesson objectives HL By the end of this lesson:
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) is a 1 stage process
Understand the reactions of this process in detail with a good knowledge of the 2 types of fermentation and the associated organisms

18. Anaerobic respiration

19. Lesson objectives By the end of this lesson: What biotechnology is
Methods of production in fermentation
Micro-organisms used in fermentation and their applications
About bio-processing with immobilised cells, their advantages and uses

20. Industrial Fermentation
Biotechnology refers to the use of living things (such as micro - organisms and enzymes) to carry our useful reactions
In industrial fermentation the micro - organisms are placed in a container with a suitable substrate on which they can react
The vessel in which biological reactions can take place is called a Bioreactor
A fermentation bioreactor 20

21. Production method 21

22. Microorganisms used in bioprocessing
New mo/s are being produced by genetic engineering
In general bacteria and fungi (especially yeast strains)
Bacteria can be used to make yoghurts, antibiotics + enzymes
Yeasts can be used to make Beer and wine, carbon dioxide for baking and single cell protein
Fungi can produce antibiotics and citric acid 22