1. Unit 2 Part 1 IN THE NAME OF HONOUR
ANCIENT GREECE
Unit 2 Part 1
IN THE NAME OF HONOUR

2. History

3. The Heroic Age: 2000-1200BCE People: Mycenaeans Lead City: Mycenae
Old writing system adapted to Greek
Warriors and traders
THE BATTLE OF TROY: 1250BCE
The Mycenae won the battle against Troy

4. The Decline: 1200-800BCE The Mycenae civilization collapses
Dorians from the north took control
Loss of knowledge of writing
Culture continued through songs & stories
Especially the heroes of Troy
Homer based the Iliad and Odyssey on this

5. City State Growth: 800-500BCE
Greek tribes a Independent City-States
Low fertile land = Long distance travel = New City-States in Italy and Asia Minor
City-State: army, gov’t, and culture
I.E. SPARTA: Military state
Athens: Cultural center
500BCE: 1st Democracy

6. The Great Wars: 500-400BCE The Persian Wars The Peloponnesian War
City-States joined together to defeat the Persians
Athens came out stronger than ever
The Peloponnesian War
Athens vs. Sparta
Sparta defeats Athens in 404BCE

7. Macedonia and the Hellenistic Age 400-146BCE
Greece weakens
Continuous fighting between city-states
338BCE: PhillipII, Macedonia takes control
Alexander the Great
United Greece, Persia, Egypt, and parts of India
His Death = fragmented empire
New culture emerged: Hellenistic
A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian

8. People and Society

9. Aristocrats Aristocrat: nobility, ruler, or privileged class ATHENS
Wealthy landowners
Inherited position, not earned
Politicians, Philosophers, and Hunters
The Rulers of Athens
SPARTA
No true aristocracy: Ruled by a group
2 Kings = head of army
5 magistrates and 28 elders governed the city
Spartan citizen = lineage goes back to the creation of Sparta

10. Common Folk ATHENS Farmers, merchants, foreigners
Those born in Athens = Citizen
Foreigners = non-citizen but protected
SPARTA
Commoner = Citizen (ancestry)
Free people, typically farmers or merchants

11. Slaves ATHENS 1/3 population was slaves SPARTA Helots
Slaves outnumbered Spartans 7 to 1
Spartans regularly declared war on the Helots

12. Warriors ATHENS Reluctant warriors
All young men trained as warriors but lived at home during times of peace
SPARTA
Whole life was war
Begin training at age of 7 and couldn’t move home until 30

13. Artists and Writers ATHENS Honourable position in society SPARTA
Statues of Gods to decorate temples
Pottery decorated with Gods and Heroes
SPARTA
No value of the arts
Very few artists
Could read and write

14. Women ATHENS Not much better than a slave No education or equality
Stayed at home with little contact with men
Married at 15 and raised children separate from men
Couldn’t even eat with her husband
SPARTA
Much more freedom
Took part in athletics
Business women, landowners, heads of households

15. Culture

16. Religion 12 Elite Gods Zeus: Thunder Hera:Marriage Athena:War/Wisdom
King of the Gods
Hera:Marriage
Queen of the Gods
Athena:War/Wisdom
Ares: Battle
Demeter:Agriculture
Apollo:Light/art
Aphrodite: Love/Beauty
Hermes: Messenger
Poseidon: Sea/Quakes
Artemis: Hunting
Hephaestus: Fire/Tools
Hestia: Home/Family

17. Politics Democracy Assembly Council of 500
No women, slaves, or foreigners
1/5 population of Athens could participate
Assembly
Passed laws and elected generals
Any citizen could submit a law for debate
Council of 500
500 citizens chosen at random every year
Proposed laws and advised assembly

18. Education and Philosophy
Humans can be perfected
Sophists: First teachers
Students to think for themselves
Prepare young men for public life
Public speaking, etc.
Socrates: Happiness dependent on goodness of soul
Plato: The nature of reality
Aristotle: Scientific observation

19. Athletics Creators of the Olympics
Every 4 years gather from all over Greece
Boxing, wrestling, javelin, discus, and races
Did not compete for money
But, they were awarded money or the equivalent from their city-states if they won.
= Paid athletes, much like today

20. Arts and Humanities Sculptures First realistic human form
Music and Dance
Valued: religious, festival, victory
Literature
Epic, Lyric, Tragedy, comedy….
Architecture
Ideal of Beauty, grace and proportion
Ie. Parthenon on the Acropolis