1. Microbiology

2. Micro-organisms in our world
They are diverse and live everywhere you can possibly imagine.
Bottom of the ocean
High in the atmosphere
Hot environments
Salty environments
In us and on us!
Some hurt us, make us sick, and even kill us. Others help keep us healthy and provide for many of the products we rely on daily

3. Classification - Taxonomy
What does your name mean?
Why name things?
Names can give meaning
Names help to see relationships
Names identify things
Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms. Useful in determining relationships and similarities between organisms

4. Taxonomy Modern taxonomy was developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish Naturalist
Developed a classification system
Grouped organisms according to structural similarities
Named organisms in Latin language (common language of the day)

5. The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus the “Father of modern taxonomy”
The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy
The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)
Organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other

6. The Old System 5 Kingdom Classification System:
Monera: all prokaryotes
Protista: single-celled eukaryotes (protists)
Fungi: multi-cellular heterotrophic sessile eukaryotes
Plantae: multi-cellular autotrophic sessile eukaryotes
Animalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic motile eukaryotes

7. 6 Kingdom Proposal Archebacteria EUbacteria
6 Kingdom Classification System
Kingdom Eubacteria: true bacteria
(formerly in kingdom monera)
Kingdom Archebacteria: extremophiles (formerly in kingdom monera)
Kingdom Protista (same)
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

8. 3 Domain System:
Archaea: prokaryotes; extremophiles
Eubacteria: prokaryotes; true bacteria
Eukarya: eukaryotes
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

10. Organisms are grouped into smaller and smaller groups all the way down to their species, based on common characteristics
A species is the most specific grouping and includes only organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring

11. Common Characteristics
Unique/Diverse

12. Ursus americanus American Black Bear Binomial Nomenclature:
“a two-name system”
First part of name: genus
(first letter always capitalized)
Second part of name: species
(first letter always lowercase)
Entire name is underlined and italicized
Names must be submitted for acceptance by original discoverer, and are generally Latin or Latinized
Ursus americanus
American Black Bear

13. Canis domesticus Canis lupis
Often Latin names contain clues about the type of organism being described.
Canis domesticus
And closely related organisms are often in the same genus, also giving clues about their names
Canis lupus
Some names are given after the discoverer, or the discovery location, or even a Latinized descriptive term in English
Names often contain clues about the type of organism, and closely related organisms are often in the same genus.

14. Human Classification

15. Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapien

16. 6 Kingdom Classification

17. Archae – live in extreme conditions, have unique DNA
Formerly part of the kingdom monera
Microbiologists who study bacteria determined that the DNA of these are much different from other, true bacteria
Most Archaea live in extreme conditions (very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc)

18. Bacteria – are found everywhere
Bacteria – are found everywhere! make us sick/live in us/be useful to us.
Formerly a part of the kingdom monera
Name means “true bacteria”
These are the kind of bacteria likely to make us sick, live in our gut to help us digest food, or be used in the making of cheese
Bacilli
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Dicoccus
Spirilla

19. Animal-Like (Protozoans) Fungus-Like Plant-Like Kingdom Protista
Paramecium
Giardia
Amoeba
Fungus-Like
Includes All Protists:
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Animal-Like Protists (protozoans)
Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates
Examples: Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia
Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic)
Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Green/Red/Brown Algae
Fungus-Like Protists
Examples: Water molds, slime molds
Plant-Like
Water Mold
Slime Mold
Diatom
Euglena
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Dinoflagellates

20. Kingdom Fungi
All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, sessile organisms
Includes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens
Mycorrhizal associations allow plants to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil

21. Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
Kingdom Plantae
Primitive Plants
Bryophyte (Moss)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Complex Plants
Pteridophyte(Fern)
All eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, sessile organisms
Produce their own food from sunlight and carbon dioxide
Common Phyla:
Bryophyta (mosses)
Pteridophyta (ferns)
Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees)
Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like flowering plants
Coniferophytes (Pine Trees)
Angiosperm; Dicot
Angiosperm; Monocot

22. Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Nematoda Platyhelminthes
All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, motile (most) organisms
Common Phyla:
Porifera (sponges, corral)
Cnidaria & Ctenophora (jellyfish and similar animals)
Platyhelmenthes (flat worms, tapeworms)
Nematoda (small unsegmented worms)
Platyhelminthes

23. Arthropoda Chordata Annelida Molluska Echinodermata
Mollusca (inc. clams, oysters, etc..)
Annelida (segmented worms)
Echinodermata (starfish and anemones)
Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)
Chordata (those with spinal chords)
Molluska
Echinodermata

25. What now?
Copy table 6.2 page 191
Page 192 #3,4