1. Hamilton High School Biology chapter 3
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CELL STRUCTURES
Hamilton High School
Biology chapter 3

2. HISTORY OF THE CELL 1665 -ROBERT HOOKE __________________________
______________________________________________
1675 – ANTON VON LEEUWENHOEK first to describe living
_________________________________________________
Compound light microscope: series of lenses that magnify objects.
SCHLEIDEN ,SCHWANN AND VIRCHOW are the
authors of the _____________________________

3. CELL THEORY 1. The CELL is ____________________
________________________________
2. All LIVING THINGS are ____________
_________________________________
3. All cells ________________
________________________

4. 1940’s - Electron Microscopes
Aims a beam of ____________ through a magnetic field, then over the surface of the specimen.
Uses ______________________
Most specimens must be ______ and in a _____________.
Projects onto a screen or monitor..

5. Electron Microscopes…
SEM = __________________
_______________ ion coated surface shows 3-D picture
TEM = ______________ ___________________Microscopic-slice …stained with metal _______.
STEM = _____________________
_____________________- Creates a 3-D surface image of a “______________”.

6. Eukaryote cell- Prokaryote cell

7. Two Cell Types 1. ____________cells have _______
_____________________ nor membrane bound __________.
Most are _______________.
Examples are ____________________

8. Two… Cell Types
__________cells have a membrane bound ________ and membrane bound _________.
Either ______________________________.
Organelles are separated by membranes so __________________
__________________
____________ hypothesis
suggests that __________
cells come from
________________ cells.

9. Plasma Membrane
This __________________________ acts as a selectively permeable _________ for the passage of substances ________________of the cell!
___________ between cell and environment.
Controls materials that ______________ the cell.
Example: ______________ IN - _________ OUT
The membrane also contains _______ embedded within its _____________________that act to encourage molecular movement, or as recognition molecules.

10. Cell structures -CYTOPLASM
_______________ that surrounds organelles.
Makes up 1/2 of the volume of animal cells.
Many important ______________ occur here.

11. ORGANELLES: THE NUCLEUS
The nucleus is the of_______________ of the cell.
Surrounded by a ________________ - double membraned, ______________ thick.
______ in the nuclear envelope allow _______ __________ to move in and out of the nucleus.
Contains _____ - made up of long strands called ____________________________.
The _________ (inside the nucleus) produces ribosomes.

12. RIBOSOMES The ____________ _____________ (make proteins and enzymes).
Composed of _____.
_____-membrane structures
Directed by _____.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome >

13. M_____________ Known as the ________________of the cell.
Site of _______________. These organelles capture _________ and use _____ to release energy for the cell.
Foldings within the mitochondria are called
_____________.
O2 + C6H12O6 +Mito ----->

14. _____________________ (ER)
Bilayer of _____used for ________ within the cell.
2 TYPES:
___________ E.R. does not have _________ attached and are known to produce _______.
_______ E.R. have __________ attached and are known for both ____________ and lipid synthesis and ____________.

15. Golgi ____________
“Packaging Factory” “
A series of ___________, closely stacked membranous _____ near the nucleus that _________________ .
L_________ (“stomachs” of the cell) bud off from the ____________ as the cell needs.
Digest worn out _______,
__________ and _______
or ___________.
digestive proteins

16. Centrioles __________ are only found in animal cells.
These are two small bundles of __________ arranged at right angles to one another & surrounded by dense _____________.
Centrioles aid in ____________ in animal cells.

17. Lysosomes
These small “____________” are filled with digestive enzymes used to breakdown molecules within the cell.
As complex molecules enter the cell ________________________________ it.

18. Vacuoles Vacuoles _________________ found within the cell.
Plant cells usually have ________ while animals have vacuoles that are small___________________
Vacuoles can ___________________
______________________________
A _________________ is a specialized vacuole to remove ___________ from unicellular aquatic organisms.

19. Chloroplasts Only found in ______ _________
Filled with the green pigment ___________, these organelles function to _________________
___________________ (glucose and starch).
Grana: .
Stroma:

20. Cell Walls Cell walls in plants are Bulk of _______ in diet.
In _______ - cell walls are made out of a carbohydrate called ____________
Cell wall
Cell membrane------

21. MOVEMENT AND SUPPORT 1. CYTOSKELETON: Fibrous, ______________________.
Maintains ______________
Composed of: ______________ and Microfilaments
Assist organelles to _____ from place to place.
2. CILIA AND FLAGELLA
A. _______: Short, numerous, __________
Beat in a “______”. Example: lungs

22. B. Flagella: Longer, 1-2 per cell.
Move in a ___________________.
Example: _______ cells
Single-celled organisms usually depend on ___________________ to move.
Multi-cellular organisms use cilia on cells to move _______over the ______________.

23. ORGANIZATION: _____ ----> _______----> _______ -->
--> ____________ ----> ORGANISM
1. TISSUE: .
Linked at cell junctions.
Examples: muscle, nerve,
brain, bone, blood
or root tissue.

24. 2. Organs: Groups of 2 or more tissues _______________________.
Example: the stomach, heart, or a leaf.

25. 3. Organ System: Group of organs working together _______________
______________________________
Examples: nervous system or flower.

26. 4. _____________: Group of organ systems working together.
Examples: human, dog, cat, plant.