1. What enables a civilization to develop?

2. Villages Grow
Invention of new tools and farming led to settlements supporting larger populations
Economic Change
Villages built irrigation systems
Surplus in food and new jobs
Social Change
New social structure
New Social classes (Wealthy) 2

3. How Civilizations Developed
First Civilization in Sumer
Near Mesopotamia (Iraq)
5 Characteristics
1) Advanced Cities
2) Specialized Workers
3) Complex Institutions
4) Record keeping
5) Improved Technology 3

4. Center of trade for an advanced civilization
1) Advanced Cities
Center of trade for an advanced civilization 4

5. 2) Specialized Workers Surplus of food gave rise to Specialization
Development of skills for specific kind of work
Artisans:
Skilled workers who make goods by hand (Clothing and Pottery) 5

6. 3) Complex Institutions
Large populations made governments and systems of ruling necessary
Institutions
Long lasting pattern of organization in a community
Ex: Government, religion, school 6

7. 4) Record Keeping Need to keep records
Document tax collections, laws, and storage of food
Sumerian Record keepers (Scribes) recording information
Cuneiform:
System of writing in Sumerian
Similar to hieroglyphics 7

8. 5) Improved Technology Bronze Age 2500 BCE
New tools needed to solve problems
Ox-drawn plows turn the soil
Irrigation systems expand planting areas
Bronze Age
2500 BCE
Metal workers used bronze instead of copper and stone to make weapons and tools. 8