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Physical Science Chapter 13 Section 2
Simple Machines Physical Science Chapter 13 Section 2
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What are Simple Machines?
The lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw are simple machines. Can be broken down into the lever and inclined plane families.
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The Lever Family Levers have a rigid arm that turns around a point called a fulcrum. A lever can increase the force without increasing the work done, because the output force will be exerted through a smaller distance.
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The Lever Family Levers are divided into three classes depending on the locations of the fulcrum, input force, and output force.
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The Lever Family First-class levers are the most common such as a claw hammer. Scissors are made of two first-class levers joined together.
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The Lever Family Second-class levers include wheelbarrows, nutcrackers, and hinged doors.
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The Lever Family The human elbow is an example of a third-class lever
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The Lever Family Pulleys are modified levers.
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The Lever Family A wheel and axle (a car’s steering wheel) is a type of lever that is connected to a shaft.
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The Inclined Plane Family
Inclined planes turn a small input force into a large output force. Which requires more force: lifting the piano directly into a van or rolling it up a ramp?
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The Inclined Plane Family
A wedge is a modified inclined plane. Using a wedge is like pushing a ramp instead of pushing something up the ramp.
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The Inclined Pane Family
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
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Compound Machines Made of two or more simple machines.
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Review #1 What are the six types of simple machines?
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Review #2 Identify the type of simple machine represented by each of the following examples: Drill bit Skateboard ramp Boat oar
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Review #3 How can a lever increase the force applied without changing the amount of work being done?
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Review #4 Why would pulleys be in the lever family?
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Review #5 Think of a compound machine that you use every day that were not shown in today’s slides. Identify the simple machines that make it up.
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