1. Chapter 20
Fungi

2. What is a fungus
Fungi that transform complex organic substances into new materials that other organisms can use are decomposers.

3. No fungus contains chlorophyll in its hyphal cells.
Hyphae are the basic structural units of fungi.
In hyphae divided by septa, cytoplasm flows from one cell to the next through pores.
**Compare and contrast hypha and mycelium. (Pg. 530)
A complex carbohydrate called chitin makes up the cell walls of all fungi.

4. Sporangium is a case in which asexual spores are produced.
A unique feature of fungal decomposition is that organic material is digested outside the fungal cells.
Haustoria are in parasitic that penetrate and grow into host cells where they directly absorb the host cells’ nutrients.
Sporangium is a case in which asexual spores are produced.

5. The Diversity of Fungi
One criterion for classifying fungi is by how they reproduce.
Stolons are hyphae that grow horizontally along the surface of a food source.
Bread mold is able to penetrate the bread by means of rhizoids.

6. Zygomycotes
1. The bread mold, Rhizopus, produces sexual zygospores when environmental conditions are unfavorable.
2. In zygomycotes, the haploid structure in which gametes are produced are called gametangium.
3. Pg. 536

7. During asexual reproduction, ascomycotes produce conidiospores.
A saclike structure in which sexual spores develop in some fungi are called ascus.
Ascospores are found in saclike structures produced by specialized hyphae.
An ascospore is a spore produced by sac fungi.
Ascomycotes

8. Basidiomycotes 1. Mushrooms are examples of club fungi.
2. Basidiospores are produced by mushrooms.
3. **Compare and contrast basidium and basidiospore. Pg. 538
4. Pg. 539

9. The fungus that produces penicillin in an example of a deutermycote.
Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of a plant.
Mycorrhizae increase the absorption surface of plant roots.
A lichen is the result of a mutual relationship between a fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria.
Deuteromycotes