1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.

3. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own form of Christianity
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
CATHOLIC
PROTESTANT

6. Causes of the Reformation
Black Death & Hundred Years’ War
The Corruption within the Catholic Church:
Avignon Papacy
Great Schism
Conciliarism
Increased power in the European monarchies

7. Causes of the Reformation
Italian Renaissance & Humanism
Christian Humanism & Erasmus
The Printing Press
New Discoveries in Science that went against Church Teachings
Indulgences

8. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

9. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

10. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

11. “The righteous will live by faith.” Romans 1:17
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person.
No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

12. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Sale of Indulgences

13. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

14. Luther's 95 Theses Criticisms spread without Luther’s knowledge
Germans resented papal authority
People felt their money was helping Rome not German churches
German princes wanted to weaken the power of Holy Roman Emperor

15. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

16. The Spread of the Printing Press

17. Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

18. Luther’s Ideology Salvation comes from faith alone
Religious authority resides in the Bible and is open to interpretation
Church is a community of believers

19. Luther’s Ideology Religious services and Bible in the vernacular
Only 2 sacraments: Baptism & Lord’s Supper (consubstantiation)
Clergy should be allowed to marry
Marriage was important, but a women’s place was in the home.

20. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as (PROTEST)ants - Protestants

21. The Spread of Lutheranism

22. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

23. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

24. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

25. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

26. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists France = Huguenots
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
Germany = Reform Church

27. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Anglicanism
Puritan
Presbyterian
Huguenots