1. Carter and Changes in the 70s
1970s Pt 3
Carter and Changes in the 70s

2. Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter defeated Ford in ‘76 election
Carter promised transparency- “I will never lie to you” in response to Watergate
Considered a “regular guy”- grew up a peanut farmer

3. Pardoned 10,000 Vietnam draft evaders
Foreign policy based on human rights- not realpolitik: Called Humanitarian Diplomacy
Stagnant economy- high inflation and high unemployment

4. Panama Canal treaty –transferred ownership to Panama in ’99; promised neutrality

5. Cold War under Carter SALT II – SALT I to expire in ‘77
Carter wanted renewal of SALT and real reductions
Signed SALT II with in ‘79
BUT SALT II not ratified by Senate b/c of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

6. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan signaled end of détente
Things are now tense again between US and Soviets
U.S. boycott of 1980 Olympics in Moscow
US secretly helped Afghans fight against Soviets- gave weapons and $$
One of leader of Afghans- Osama bin Laden
Carter supported protesters in Soviet Union and its satellites

7. What was the role of human rights in Carter’s foreign policy?

10. Camp David Accords
Carter’s greatest accomplishment as Pres was a peace treaty b/t Egypt and Israel in ’78 called the Camp David Accords
Carter invited Pres of Egypt and Prime Minister of Israel to Camp David because they had been fighting- causing problems in Middle East
Convinced them to sign agreement Egypt gets land back; Israel get recognized as a nation
Kept peace b/t Israel and neighbors

11. Egypt and Israel fighting
Pres Carter invites them to negotiate
They reach peace agreement
Camp David Accords

12. Iran Crisis
Iranian Revolution – U.S.-supported Shah of Iran forced to flee Iran after corruption
Iran angry when Carter allowed Shah to come to US for medical treatment - Oct ‘79

13. Iran Hostage Crisis –400 Iranians took American hostages in US embassy b/c of US policies
Carter froze Iranian assets in U.S.; trade embargo
Freed some hostages, kept 52 other
Carter ordered rescue attempt but it failed; perceived as weak

14. “Argo” the movie- 6 escaped, hid, and had to be smuggled out
Hostages finally released after 444 days- on January 19, 1981, right after Carter left office
US/Iran still hostile
“Argo” the movie- 6 escaped, hid, and had to be smuggled out

15. US allows Shah of Iran to come to US
Iranians took Americans at embassy in Iran hostage
Rescue attempt failed
Hostages released as soon as Reagan became president

16. Migration in the US
The Rust Belt, or Manufacturing Belt- population decreased
North East US, Mid-Atlantic States, Midwest
Called 'Rust Belt' b/c of decline of industry in the 1970s, factories closed, so lots of rusting gates
The Sun Belt- population increased!
South and Southwest, good economy, low taxes
Warm-temperate, extended summers and brief, relatively mild winters

17. Rust Belt decline in population
Sunbelt increase in population

18. Community Reinvestment Act
Community Reinvestment Act of law to encourage banks to help more people- low/ moderate-income
Passed to reduce discriminatory credit practices against low-income neighborhoods
Helped low-income, minority families get credit and loans

19. Energy Carter created Dept of Education and of Energy
Energy Dept created b/c of recent oil crisis
Supported research into fuel alternatives, like wind and solar, nuclear energy
Nuclear Regulatory Commission – created in supervises nuclear energy and safety
Still had energy problems; fuel shortage in ‘79

20. Three Mile Island - technical failure in nuclear power plant led to release of radioactive coolant
Meltdown avoided, but raised concerns about safety of nuclear power

21. Saving the Environment!
Rachel Carson- promoted environmentalism- wrote book called Silent Spring- led to a ban on bad pesticides

22. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created due to support for environmentalism
Established by Nixon- dedicated to improving environment and reducing pollution

23. Endangered Species Act (1973) –Nixon- laws to protect endangered species

24. What actions did President Nixon take to help protect the environment?

25. Technology
Robotics –increased productivity, reduce costs, industries start using robots to replace workers
Computer management –computers to improve efficiency and productivity
Just-in-time inventory management – focus on having “the right material, at the right time, at the right place, and in the exact amount,” without a bunch of extras
Businesses were able to avoid waste to prevent recessions

26. STAAR PRACTICE
The Camp David Accords, negotiated by President Carter, were significant because they led to
A) the end of the Vietnam War
B) a lasting arms-reduction treaty with the Soviet Union
C) the first peace agreement between Israel and an Arab nation
D) the establishment of a worldwide human rights policy

27. Big Idea
How did the Cold War change under Carter?