1. Plant Propagation
Horticulture
Ms. Bond

2. Student Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson students shall be able to:
Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation
Explain the purpose of asexual propagation.
List and explain the 5 different types of asexual propagation.
Given a laboratory experience be able to perform asexual propagation on a plant.

3. Plant Propagation What is it? Propagation
is plant reproduction or making several plants from one plant
2 types
1. Sexual
2. Asexual

4. Sexual Propagation
Sexual Propagation
- the reproduction of plants with the use of seeds
The union of a male and female gamete.
Produces a genetically unique offspring.
Most reproduction of plants is naturally from seeds
- plants grown from seeds are genetically different from their parents
- sexual propagation allows a plant breeder to create new plants.

5. Asexual Propagation Asexual Propagation - no seeds are used
- the reproduction of new plants from the stems, leaves, or roots of a parent plant.
- no seeds are used
- portions of the parent plant are placed in soil, soilless media or even in test tubes containing nutrient rich media.

6. Why use Asexual Propagation?
Allows propagators to produce more plants faster
Plants produced are genetically identical to the parent plant (clone), therefore they have the same traits as the parent plant.
Isolates desired traits
Less expensive than sexual propagation

7. Types of Asexual Production
Cuttings
Grafting
Layering
Separation & Division
Tissue Culture

8. Asexual Propagation- Cuttings
Are detached portions of the plant, such as stem, leaves, leaf-buds, or roots that’s form missing parts to grow into complete new plant
Most common and often used method of asexual propagation.
Types
1. Stem Cuttings
2. Leaf Cuttings
3. Leaf-bud cuttings
4. Root Cuttings

9. Stem Cuttings Stem Cuttings 2 types 1. Herbaceous
Are taken from portions of the stem that contains terminal or lateral buds.
Dipped in rooting hormone and placed in growing medium in hopes they will produce roots
2 types
1. Herbaceous
2. Woody

10. Stem Cuttings - Herbaceous
Herbaceous cuttings are from plant stems without wood.
Common in greenhouse production
Cuttings are 3 to 4 inches long and contain several leaves.
Example plants: geranium, carnation, chrysanthemum, and coleus.

11. Stem Cutting- Woody 3 Types 1. Softwood Cutting
- cuttings taken from soft new spring growth of woody plants.
- root easy but require more attention.
- Cuttings are 3 to 5 inches in length with 2 or 3 nodes
- stems are cut at a 45* angel, ¼ inch below a node.
2. Semi-hardwood cutting
- cuttings prepared from woody, broadleafed plants
3. Hardwood Cutting
- cuttings prepared during the dormant season from deciduous or evergreen plants

12. Leaf Cuttings
Leaf cuttings consist of a leaf blade or a leaf blade with a petiole attached
Usually taken on houseplants such as rex begonia, African violet, sansevieria, mother-in-laws tongue etc.

13. Leaf Cuttings
2 Types
Leaf Blade
Leaf Blade with Petiole (stem)

14. Leaf Cuttings Leaf Blade - primary veins are cut
- leaf cutting is laid flat on growing media
- new plants are formed at each point where the veins are cut
Ex- rex begonia

15. Leaf Cuttings Leaf blade with petiole
- petiole is inserted into growing media
- with time new roots and shoots will emerge, staring a new formation of a plant
Ex- mother-in-laws tongue, african violet

16. Leaf-Bud Cuttings
Leaf-bud cuttings consist of a leaf, petiole, and a short piece of stem with the lateral bud
Cutting treated with rooting hormone, then placed in growing medium with the lateral bud just below the medium surface

17. Leaf-Bud Cuttings

18. Root Cuttings Root cuttings are made from young plants
Roots are dug, cleaned and treated with fungicide
Root pieces are cut 2 to 6 inches in length, planted 2 inches deep in growing medium horizontally or vertically
Ex- Raspberries

19. Grafting
Grafting is the process of connecting two plants or plant parts together, uniting these two plants to grow as one plant.
Grafting is used in the production of orchard trees, shade tree and roses.
Three types
Whip and Tongue Graft
Cleft Graft
Bark Graft

20. Layering
Layering is a method of asexual propagation in which roots are formed on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant
Types of Layering
Simple layering
Trench layering
Mound layering
Air layering

21. Separation and Division
Separation is a propagation method in which these natural structures are removed from the parent plant and planted to grow on their own
Division is a method in which parts of the plants are cut into sections that will grow into new plants naturally
Some plants that can be separated or divided are:
Bulbs – tulips, daffodils, lilies etc.
Corms- gladiolus
Rhizomes & Tubers- iris, potatoes
Plant Crowns- spider plant

22. Separation and Division
Spider plant crown separation
Daffodil bulbs produce side bulbs that are separated and planted

23. Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is a method of growing pieces of plants, called explants, on an artificial medium under sterile conditions, also known as micropropagation.
This method of propagation is used in research and commercial production
Explants

24. Review What is plant propagation? What is sexual propagation?
What is asexual propagation?
Why use asexual propagation?
What are the five types of asexual propagation?