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Stylin’ with CSS
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Topics What is CSS Why CSS CSS Examples
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What is CSS? Stands for Cascading Style Sheets
Used to change the “presentation” of a Web page Used in conjunction with HTML in several ways Inline -- embedded within the HTML element Internal -- placed within the header information External -- coded in a separate document Allows style control of multiple pages all at once
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HTML vs. CSS HTML intended to show what the text is being used for
Defines it’s semantic meaning Designed to say things like “This is a paragraph” not “This is a paragraph that is centered with a font color of blue” CSS used for presentation only Defines how the HTML should be displayed
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Internal Style Placed in the header of the page between the <head>…</head> tags. Contains styles that are used throughout the whole page rather than on a single tag. Enclose each “rule” in the <style>…</style> tag.
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Internal Style Example
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “ <html> <head> <title>CMSC104 HTML Template</title> <style type=“text/css”> h1{ font-family: verdana; text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body>
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A Closer Look at the Style
<style type=“text/css”> h1{ font-family: verdana; text-align: center; } </style> selector value property rule How many attributes does the style tag have in this example?
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Changing the Font Face Use the font-family property
Will only display fonts already installed on the end user’s computer If a font-family is not specified, displays the browser’s default font, usually Times New Roman. Can give more than one value in the CSS, just in case To see a list of Web fonts: More information than you ever wanted to know about fonts:
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Font Example <html> <head>
<title>CMSC104 HTML Template</title> <style type=“text/css”> body{ font-family: verdana, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> Do you like this font? </body> </html>
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Font Example Screenshot
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Chart of possible CSS color values
Working with Color background-color -- changes the background color color -- changes the text color Can be applied to most selectors. ie: body, p, etc... black lime maroon purple white olive navy teal silver green red fuchsia gray yellow blue aqua orange Chart of possible CSS color values
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Color Example <html> <head>
<title>CMSC104 HTML Template</title> <style type=“text/css”> body{ background-color: black; color: orange; } </style> </head> <body> Happy Halloween!! </body> </html>
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Color Example Screenshot
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Changing the Font Size Sample Usage Possible values font-size: 14pt;
Can use number and unit (as in 12pt) or keywords: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large. (There are other possibilities but we won’t be discussing them now.)
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Aligning text Sample Usage Possible values text-align: center;
left, right, center, justify
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CSS for Emphasis Sample Usage Possible values font-style: italic;
normal, italic, oblique font-weight: bold; normal, bold, bolder, lighter
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CSS Comments You can place a comment in CSS by using the following syntax: <style type=“text/css”> /* body layout */ body{ background-color: black; color: orange; } </style>
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Example with Multiple Rules
<html> <head> <title>CMSC104 CSS Example</title> <style type=“text/css”> body{ color: purple; } h1{ color: red; </style> </head> <body> <h1>What color is this Heading?</h1> What color am I? </body> </html>
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Multiple Rule Screenshot
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