1. Ethical issue
in research work

2. Ethical issue is an important aspect in all research work especially those researches that are related to human being.
In all universities, organizations, and research agencies, there should be an ethical committee. No research can be implemented before getting the approval from the ethical committee.

3. Main pillars of the ethical aspect:
The subject (research question) should be relevant to the important health problems that are currently present in the country/ region.

4. The researcher must be sure (up to his/ her knowledge) that the exposure to the factor (under study) is not (by any means) harmful to the participants.

5. We must inform the respondents that:
We are going to conduct a study
The aim of the study
There is no harm for them (up to our knowledge)
The possible complications (that may emerge)
They have the choice to participate or not

6. Get their acceptance through:
Official approvals
Written consent
Verbal consent

7. Fundamental rules: No rewards No penalties
The right to withdraw at any time
Anonymity
Confidentiality

8. Decide when to stop & when to proceed:
there must be sufficient doubt about the agent to be tested to allow withholding it from half the subjects
&
at the same time there must be sufficient belief in the agents potential justify exposing the remaining half.

9. Interventional studies:
Placebo
Masking
Blinding
Cross-over

10. Authorship: Single and multiple authors Order of authors
Contribution of authors
Guest author
Gift author
Ghost author

11. Ethical issue in publication:
Choosing the journal
Follow the policy and style of the journal
Authors’ approval
Corresponding author

12. Contribution of authors
Conflict of interests
Funding agency
Plagiarism, fabrication, falsification