1. World War 1

2. Tension in the Balkans

3. Why would Britain feel threatened by the rise of a German Empire?
Imperialism
Why would Britain feel threatened by the rise of a German Empire?

4. What is the message behind this cartoon?
Where has the cartoon been produced?

5. All the countries of Europe built up their armies and navies
All the countries of Europe built up their armies and navies.   In 1914, their armed forces stood like this:
•   Germany: 2,200,000 soldiers, 97 warships
•   Austria-Hungary: 810,000 soldiers, 28 warships.
•   Italy: 750,000 soldiers, 36 warships
•   France: 1,125,000 soldiers, 62 warships
•   Russia: 1,200,000 soldiers, 30 warships
•   Great Britain: 711,000 soldiers, 185 warships
As one country increased its armies, so all the others felt obliged to increase their armed forces to keep the ‘balance of power’.
Militarism

6. Who does the author think was responsible for the Arms Race between Britain and Germany? Use the source to justify your answer.

7. Is one of these sources more reliable than the other
Is one of these sources more reliable than the other? Use the sources to justify your answer.

8. Source B
The Naval 'War Cabinet' of 1912
General von Moltke [head of the army] said: I believe war is unavoidable; war the sooner the better.   But we ought to do more to press to prepare the popularity of a war against Russia.   The Kaiser supported this.   Tirpitz [head of the navy] said that the navy would prefer to see the postponement of the great fight for one and a half years.
From the Diary of Admiral Muller, 8 December 1912
Some historians say that this proves that Germany was wanting war in 1912, although others say that it records a general discussion of no great significance.
Source A
The German answer to all our talk about the limitation of armaments is: Germany shall increase to the utmost of her power...
   I have lived among Germans, but with the best will in the world I can see no solution to the present collision of ideals but war.
A lecture given in 1913 by JA Cramb
JA Cramb was an Englishman who went to university in Germany, and who loved Germany.

9. 1879 The Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia
1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia
1882 The Triple Alliance  Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia
1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace) Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peace separately.
1894 Franco-Russian Alliance  Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary
1907 Triple Entente  This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany.
1907 Anglo-Russian Entente This was an agreement between Britain and Russia
1904 Entente Cordiale This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.
Alliances

10. Alliances
Does the second source make you surprised by the message in the first? Use the sources to explain your answer.

11. Nationalism Land of Hope and Glory, mother of the free...
God who made thee mighty,
   make thee mightier yet.
The words of Land of Hope and Glory, written by the English composer Elgar and sung by British people at the Prom concerts every year.   
Germany, Germany above all,
   over everything in the world,
When it steadfastly holds together,
   offensively and defensively.
The words of the German national anthem, Deutschland uber Alles
Nationalism