1. Chemical building blocks of cells C-3-3

2. Organic compounds = compound that contains Carbon
Macromolecules = built from small organic compouns

3. 4 kinds of Macromolecules:
1.) Carbohydrates:
* composed of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio
Ex… glucose is C6H12O6
~ stores and transports energy in the body
Ex… Polysaccharides = linked sugars in a long chain

4. 2.) Lipids:
* special b/c they don't dissolve in water
Ex… oils, waxes, fats
Functions: ~energy storage
~ structural support in cell membrane
~ specific reactants for metabolic rxns

5. Fats = energy storage
* fats supply more energy than carbs
1g fat = 9 cal 1g carbs = 4 cal
Saturated fats -- contain single C-H bonds
Unsaturated fats – has at least double bond C=C

6. 3.) Proteins
-- long chains of polypeptides
-- long chains of amino acids (20 kinds)
Enzymes - type of protein that assists in chem rxn of metabolism
~ increase rate of chem rxn w/o being used up = catalyst

7. 4.) Nucleic Acids:
~ long chains of small, repeating sub-units called nucleotides
-- 5C sugar w/ a phosphate group (PO4) on one side and organic base on the other
--functions to store genetic info
Ex...DNA & RNA

8. ATP - adenosine triphosphate
- an organic base, a sugar, and 3 (PO4) groups
* ATP is the energy currency of the cell

9. Energy and Chemical Reactions C-3-4

10. Chemical reaction
– chemical bonds between atoms are broken or formed
Reactants
- substances that bind or are broken apart
Products
- new substance that is formed
Ex: Breakdown of sugar or making a protein

11. Type of Reactions Exergonic reaction – releases free energy
*products contain less energy than the reactants
Ex: Cellular respiration
Endergonic reaction – absorbs free energy
*products contain more energy than the reactants
Ex: Photosynthesis

12. Catalysts
Enzymes:
*Catalysts that trigger and control specific chemical rxns
*type of protein
*binds to specific reactant molecules
*not used up or changed in the reaction

13. Enzymes *bind to a specific site – active site
*Each have an optimal temperature and pH
*alter the chemical reaction to go at a lower activation energy level
*not altered during the reaction
*do not make reactions happen spontaneously

14. Metabolism Energy transferring rxns in cells
Allows maintenance of homeostasis
Driven by ATP